完整版本初中英语语法八大时态总结计划完整版本（11页）
时间：2020-11-10 16:20:12 来源：勤学考试网 本文已影响 人 
初中英语语法八大时态
一．一般现在时
结构
肯定句式 : 主 + 原形 / 的第三人称 数 +其他
否定句式 : 主 +（助 ） don't/doesn't + 原形 +其他
一般疑 句式 : Do/Does+主 + 原形 +其他
略回答 : (肯)Yes,主 +do/does (否 )No,主 +do/does not
写形式 : don't = do not doesn't = does not
例句： He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
用法
1）表示 常的、 性的 作或存在的状 ，常与表示 度的副 用。
常用的 度副 有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month ?), once a week, on Sundays. 度副 在句中通常放在行 之前，系 、助 之后。
例如 : He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2）表示主 具 的性格、特征和能力等。
例如： All my family love football .
My sister is always ready to help others .
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
3)表示客 真理、客 存在、自然 象。
例如： The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
4）表示按 划或安排好的，或将要 生的 作，可用一般 在 表将来。
但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
He comes back tonight.
5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来 ， 或条件状 从句的 只能用一般 在 来表示将来要 生的 作。
例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
二．一般过去时态
结构
肯定句式 : 主 + 去式 +其他
否定句式 : 主 +（助 ） didn ’t + 原形 +其他
一般疑 句式 : Did+ 主 + 原形 +其他
略回答 : (肯)Yes,主 +did (否)No,主 +did not
基本 构 否定句 一般疑 句
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Be was/were+not was/were提前，放于句首
行 didn’t+do( 原形） Did+ 主 +do（ 原形）
2. 用法
1）表示 去某一 刻或某一段 里所 生的 作或情况。常和表示 去的 状 yesterday,
just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last
week(year, night, month ? ), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等 用
例如： Where did you go just now?
After a few years, she started to play the piano.
2）表示在 去， 常或反复 生的 作。常与 often,always 等表示 度的副 用。
例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的 候，常在 路上踢足球。
3）一般 去式也可与 today,this week,this month,this year 等表 在的 状 用，但 些 状 指 去的 ，决不包含 “ 在 ”“此 此刻 ”的意思。例如： Did you see him today?今天你看 他了 ？
三．一般将来时
结构
构 1：
肯定句式：主 +助 will+ 原形 +其他
否定句式：主 +助 will+ 原形 +not+其他
一般疑 句式：助 Will+ 主 + 原形 +其他
回答：在口 中， will 在名 或代 后常 ’，llwii not 常 won’t。
在疑 句中，主 第一人称 （ I 和 we） ，常用助 shall。
例如： She’ll go to play basketball.
Shall we go to the zoo?
构 2：
肯定句式：主 +be going to + 原形 +其他
否定句式：主 +be not going to + 原形 +其他
一般疑 句式： Be+主 +going to+ 原形 +其他
略回答：（肯） Yes,主 +be （否） No,主 +be not
用法
1）表示将来某个 要 生的 作或存在的状 ，常与 tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ? ),
soon, in a few minutes, by ? , the day after tomorrow等 用。
例如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2）、表示 人 于将来的看法、假 和推 ，通常用于 be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think 等后面的从句或与副 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等 用。例如： I think she ’ll go back home for supper.
Maybe she ’ ll go to the gym.
将来 其他表示法
1）be going to 表示将来
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表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。
例如： What are you going to do tomorrow?
The play is going to be produced next month。
注意： be going to 和 will 之间的区别。
在时间上： be going to 通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而 will 不指明任何具体时
间，可以指遥远的未来。
He is going to be better.
He will be better.
计划 /临时：两者都表示意图时， be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思； will 则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。
— What are you going to do next Sunday?
— I'm going to go fishing.
— Where is the telephone book?
— I'll go and get it for you.
两者都用于预测时， be going to 意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测； will 则意指说
话人认为 /相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。
在条件状语从句中， be going to 表将来 ,will 表意愿。
例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.
2）“ beto+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
3）be about to + 动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间
状语连用，多于 when 引导的时间状语连用。
例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.
四．现在进行时
结构：
am/is/are+动词的现在分词
用法：
1）表示现在（指说话人说话时） 正在发生或进行的动作。
常与 now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days 等时间状语连用 。注：如果句首有警示性动词 look 、listen 等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。
例如： We are waiting for you now.
Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.
2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3）.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例如： You are always changing your mind.
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4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有： get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。
例如： The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
5）、表示移位的动词，如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等，其现在进行时可表将来。
例如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
注：不能用进行时态的动词
类别 举例
感官类 See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel
感觉类 Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer
认知类 Believe,think,understand,forget,remember
存在类 Appear,exist,lie,remain
占有、从属类 Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of
短暂动作类 Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish
五．现在完成时
结构：
肯定句：主语 +助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词 -ed
否定句： 主语 +助动词 have（has）+not(haven ’ t,hasn动’词t)+过去分词 -ed
一般疑问句： Have(Has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +have(has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？
用法
含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系 , 也就是说 , 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
1）现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 , 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。
I haven’ t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
现在完成时中的时间状语：
already 通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前 , be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。
例如： We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
yet 用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还 (没)。
例如：— Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
— No, not yet. 是, 还没有。
ever 意为曾经， 常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。
例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事。
★ never 意为（曾经）从未、没有 , 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。 ever 与否定词
not 连用相当于 never。例如：
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I haven’ t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her我.从未跟她 。
★ just 意 ― , 用于 在完成 , 表示行 去 , 位于助 与 去分 之 。
e.g. He has just come back from school他. 从学校回来。
★ just now 意 ― 才 , 表示 去某 , 用于一般 去 , 位于句首或句尾均可。
e.g. He came from school just now他. 才从学校回来。
for 和 since 的用法及区 。
for 与一段 用， since 与 点 用。注意： since 后接 去 的 状 或 去 的句子。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’ t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.
have/has gone to、 have/has been to和 have/has been in的区 。
have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人 未回来 have/ has been to 曾 去 , 人已 回来了
have/ has been in 已 在 , 常与一段 用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去 上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海 10 年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青 了 ？但不能 Have you gone to Qingdao?
2）、 在完成 可用来表示 去 生的 作一直延 到 在，常 有 for 或 since 等表示一段 的状 。
如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3）、 在完成 瞬 即 止性 不能与表示一段 的状 用。
常 止性 与延 性 (或状 ) 的 关系如下 :
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at
open --- be open die --- be dead
close --- be closed become ---be
borrow --- keep put on --- wear
buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)
begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep
end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold
join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier
join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member
例：吉姆 支已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2007
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
4）.在表示 “最近几世 / 年/ 月以来 ” 状 中， 用 在完成 。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等
5）.表示 “第几次做某事， ”或在 “ It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名 ＋that ”后面跟 在完成 。
例： This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
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That is the only book that he has written.
6）have / has been to + 地点 意为 “曾去过某地 ”，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。
have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了 ”，暗含 “已离开原地去了某地 ”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。
六．过去完成时
结构：
助动词 had＋动词过去分词
用法：
1）、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与 “by the end of/by/before+ 过去时间 ”构成的短语连用。例如： The train had already left before we arrived.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.
2）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用 when,before,after 等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。
When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.
当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了
His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.
爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了 5 年。
3）表示过去未曾实现的计划、 愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等。
例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。
七．过去进行时
结构：
was/were+动词的现在分词 (--ing)
用法：
1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时
间状语从句来表明，如： at this time yesterday ，at 7:00 yesterday ， last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句等。
My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.
When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.
What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.
注意：（1）以 when 引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
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When he called me , I was having dinner .
（ 2）以 while 引 的 状 从句中，从句与主句的 作在 去某一 刻同 行， while 常
“当的 候，同 ”。
Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .
2）、表移 的 ，如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等 的 去 行 ，可以表示
去将要 生的 作。
例如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.
八．过去将来时态
表示 去的某 以后将要 生的 作。但 个 "将来 " 不会延伸到― 在；而 限于― 去 区域内。由此可以看出， 含 个 的句子常 一个表示― 去某个 点的状 。
个状 或是一个短 ，或是一个句子。
个 常用于：
1.结构
a)would/should+ 原形
b)was/were going to+ 原形
用法
1）、表示从 去某 看将要 生的 作或存在的状 。常用于主句是一般 去 的 从句或 接引 中。
例如： He said that he would finish his work before 9 o ’clock.
他 他会在九点之前完成工作。
When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .
当我考 件事 ，我想知道他 的反 是什么。
2）、表示 去的某种 性 作，只能用 would 。
例如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.
每当他遇到困 ，我 会伸出援助之手。
3）表示 去情况中的―愿望、― 向，多用于否定句。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .
不管工作有多 ，他 会 持不懈地把它干完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
他 知道我 不会允 生 的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .
甚至在 座 束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
1.
The population of the world ____ still ____ now. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）
A. has; grown
B. is; growing
C. will; grow
D. is; grown
2.
---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）
---Oh, good evening. I ’m sorry, but she is not in.
A. have come
B. come
C. came
D. had come
— It ’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?
— He ______ his bike in the yard. （ 2009 ·新疆阜康）
A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean
4. If you carefully, you the report well. （ 2009·广州）
A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand
C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand
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5.
They
about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009·广州）
A. will learn
B. had learned
C. are going to learn
D. have learned
6.
— How did the accident happen? （2009·广州）
— You know, it
difficult to see the road clearly because it
.
A. was; was raining
B. is; has rained
C. is; is raining
D. will be; will rain
7.
Attention, please. There
a football game between China and Korea this evening.
A. is going to be B. has been
C. has
D. will have
8.
— What does your sister like doing in her spare time ？
— She
watching TV . （2009·湖北武汉）
A. likes
B. liked
C. has liked
D. had liked
9.
— When
Jessy
to New York ？
— Yesterday. （ 2009·湖北武汉）
A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got
10. — How clean the bedroom is! （2009·湖北武汉）
— Yes, I am sure that someone it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. （2009·河北）
A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for
12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______（.2009·河北）
A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived
13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （ 2009·河北）
A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write
14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? （ 2009·山东威海）
---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.
A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return
---Who ’s won the first prize in the competition? （ 2009·山东烟台）
---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.
A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given
16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? （ 2009·四川成都）
---No. I ’ve never been there before.
A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting D.would visit
17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. （2009·江西）
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained
18. ---Can I help you? （ 2009·江西）
---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.
A. won ’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn ’t
19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. （2009·江苏南京）
A. don ’tfeel B. didn ’tfeel C. haven’tfelt D. hadn’tfelt
20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009·湖北宜昌）
---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.
A. go B. went C. are going D. will go
21. — Where is Peter? （2009·湖南娄底）
— He volleyball with his friends in the school gym.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D.was playing
22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? （ 2009·江苏无锡）
---Sorry, he isn’there right now. He ______ to the theme park.
A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been
23. ---______ you ______ your drawing? （ 2009·陕西绥德）
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---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.
A. Did; finish B. Will; finish C. Do; finish D. Have; finished
24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. （ 2009.北京）
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked
25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. （ 2009.北京）
A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting
26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. （ 2009.北京）
A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking
27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. （ 2009.安徽）
A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching
28. ---Alice, turn down the TV , please. I _________ on the phone.
---Oh, sorry. （2009.安徽）
A. have talked B. talked C. am talking D. talk
--- Where are the Greens, may I ask? （2009·吉林通化）
--- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.
A. have been B. are going to C. have gone D. will go
30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn ’ t meet. them
A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left
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21-25CCDAB 26-30CCCCA
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