【英语现在完成时知识点】 现在完成时知识点
时间：2019-02-21 06:08:32 来源：勤学考试网 本文已影响 人 
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。接下来小编为你整理了英语现在完成时知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语现在完成时知识点
一. 现在完成时基本结构
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词)
二. 现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already(肯定句), yet(否定句/疑问句), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
三. 现在完成时常见考法
对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。
【典型例题】
His father_____the party since 1978
A.joind
B.has joined
C.was in
D.has been in
答案：D
解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。 since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A、B均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除;C为一般过去时，也不行。
四. 比较一般过去时和现在完成时
1. 共同点：
动作都是在过去完成。
I saw the film yesterday evening.
I have seen the film before.
(看电影这件事都是在过去完成的。)
2. 区别：
①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
【典型例题】
—______ you your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
答案：B
解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago 是一个明确的过去时间状语，应该用一般过去时。
五. 过去分词变化规则
1. 规则变化：动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同。
① 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
② 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
③ 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
④ 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
英语现在完成时标志词
already
用在肯定句中(be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实意动词之前)常与yet进行转换。例如：I have already finished the work.我已经完成这项工作了。 改为否定句：I haven't finished the work yet.我还没有完成这项工作。改为一般疑问句：Have you finished the work yet.
yet
放在否定句和一般疑问句句末。
just, before, recently,still, lately,never,ever,twice, on several occasion,in the past/last few days/weeks/months/years,(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year(多用于一般过去时), up to present, so far,up to now,up till now,till now。
since+时间点=for+时间段since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句=since+时间点+ago
since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如：He has been here since he joined the army。自从他参军以来,他一直在这儿。
英语现在完成时练习及答案
1. —______ my glasses?
—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen
分析：D。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响：问话人的目的是想知道眼镜在哪里。又如：
—Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗?
—No, I just arrived five minutes ago. 没等多久，我刚到五分钟。
2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
分析：A。由 recently 和 by now 可知用现在完成时。又如：
I’ve been on rather too many planes and trains recently. 近来我乘飞机和火车次数太多了。
We haven’t seen enough of Ray and Barbara recently. 近来, 我们没怎么看见雷和巴巴拉。
3. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
分析：D。到目前为止成为朋友八年，用现在完成时; 在那次晚会相识成为朋友之前已经见过几次面，用过去完成时。又如：
I have had this car for ten years. 这辆车我已经买了十年了。
I haven’t seen Tom for two years. 我已经有两年没见到汤姆了。
I’ve lived in Central London for six years now, so I’m used to the noise. 到目前为止，我已在伦敦中区住了6年，已经习惯于那里的喧闹声了。
4. —How long ______ David and Vicky ______ married?
—For about four years.
A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; get
分析：C。由 For about four years 可知，要用现在完成时，排除 A 和 D; 与时间段连用，不可用 get married, 要用 be married。又如：
I’ve worn glasses for ten years. 我戴眼镜已经十年了。
The Kenways have lived here for five years. 肯威家在这儿已经住了5年了。
5. How can you possibly miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
分析：A。信息句为一般现在时，根据后句中all day long判断，这显然是强调播放新闻对现在的影响，故选现在完成时。又如：
We have waited all day. 我们等了整整一天了。
I haven’t seen her all day. 我一整天都没看见她。
I’ve had a headache all day. 我整天都感到头痛。
6. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book______50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached
分析：A。因为that is意为“换句话说，即 (=in other words, which means)”，而前句中的谓语has set是现在完成时，后一句的谓语动词也应用现在完成时，排除C和D; 又因主语the sales是复数，选出正确答案A。
7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
分析：C。因为ever since的意思是“从那时(1945年)起一直到现在”，表示从过去某一时刻起一直延续到现在的动作或状态，要用现在完成时，现在完成时由“have /has+过去分词”构成，所以选C。
8. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
分析：B。由表示对照的Years ago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“现在已经证明了”，所以用现在完成时。
9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ______ before.
A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had
分析：C。与before连用，用现在完成时。再说，此处没有一个过去时间或动作比较，是不能用过去完成时的。
10. My brother is an actor. He ______in several film so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
分析：C。因so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。
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