2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(56)

2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列 (56)

Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲

1. When the United States was born,the continent of

Antarctica was as remote as the moon-more so,in a way,because

the moon was clearly visible and the very existence of

Antarctica was uncertain. But now that remote land area is so

attainable and so important that it has become the subject of

an international treaty which protects it from national

rivalries yet leaves it open to all for exploration and use.

The pact arranging this is even being viewed as a model

applicable to the moon and other celestial bodies.

1、在美国诞生之时，对人们来说南极洲就像月球一样遥远 - 从某

种角度说，甚至更远，因为月亮清楚可见，而南极大陆是否真实存有

还无法确定。但是今天，这块遥远的陆地已变得如此触之可及并且如

此重要，以致它已受到一个国际公约的保护，使其免于成为国家间竞

相抢夺的对象，而是对所有国家开放，供大家共同开发和利用。这个

公约甚至被视为一个范本，适用于月球和其他天体的开发。

2. Yet many people,thinking of the distant continent

only as a bleak,rocky,cold and inhospitable land mass,may

wonder： Why all the fuss? Why protect something so

unpromising?

2、至今仍有很多人认为这块遥远的大陆仅仅是一大片荒凉、寒

冷、岩石林立、根本无法居住的土地。他们可能很奇怪：为什么如此

小题大做?为什么要保护这样一块毫无前途的土地 ?

3. The answer lies in a number of factors,not the least

of which is isolation itself. Antarctica is a very large area

of the earth's surface,but-until recent years-was the least

studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.

3、这些问题的答案由很多因素所决定，并不但仅是这块大陆本

身与世隔绝这么简单。南极洲是地球表面上一块巨大的土地，但是，

直到近年，人类的研究都很少涉及于此。更多地了解南极洲对全人类

来说都非常重要。

4. A look at a globe is perhaps the best way to

appreciate the significance of this peculiar continent. The

globe shows that the entire southern hemisphere is

preponderantly water-the widest parts of the Atlantic and

Pacific,the unbroken sweep of Antarctic seas circling the

world. Although much of South America,parts of Africa and all

of Australia lie south of the equator,most of the world's

land lies north of the line.

4、仔细观察地球仪也许能协助我们了解这个神奇大陆的重要性。

地球仪显示，水在整个南半球占绝对优势 - 包括大西洋和太平洋最广阔

的部分以及环抱地球的南极海洋。即使绝绝大部分南美洲、部分非洲

以及整个澳洲位于赤道以南，但地球上的绝大部分陆地还是分布在赤

道以北。

5. Antarctica stood in splendid-even awesome-isolation

from the rest of the world for countless years. Its

forbidding climate and wild seas prevented the migration and

development of land animals such as the Arctic regions know.

On the continent itself are a few insects,some lichens and

mosses,but nothing else that is land supported. However,there

are amphibious penguins and seals and a rich marine

life,ranging from the minute organisms called plankton to the

biggest creature the world has ever known,the blue whale.

5、南极洲的壮丽引人敬畏，在无数的岁月里，它就这样孤独傲

立于世界。和人们已熟知的北极区域一样，它那令人难以亲近的气候

和狂野的海浪使得陆地动物无法迁移至此和繁衍。依附于南极洲陆地

生存的只有很少的一些昆虫、地衣和苔藓。不过，这里却有着两栖的

企鹅和海豹以及丰富的海洋生命 -包括从被称为浮游生物的微小生物，

直到迄今所知世界上的动物蓝鲸。

6. The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high

seas excepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This

line,running around the globe some 2,000 miles from the South

Pole itself,just misses the lower tip of South America,and is

well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand. There are a

number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic

continent,but the waters here are known to mariners as "the

screaming Sixties" because there is so little obstruction to

the world-circling winds.

6、《南极洲公约》适用于除公海以外位于南纬 60 度以南的所有

区域。南纬 60 度线距南极点大约 2000英里，它环绕地球，刚好错过

南美洲的最南端，远在好望角和新西兰之南。该线和南极洲之间分布

着一些小岛，但是，这里的海域被水手们称为“狂啸的 60 度”，因为

这里障碍物很少，阻挡不了“世界环风”。

7. In contrast,in the northern hemisphere,the lands

lying above the sixtieth parallel of latitude include much of

Scandinavia,Siberia and Alaska,all of Greenland and

Iceland,with a total population of several million. Great

mountains help subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream

and part of the Japan Current temper the frigid airs of this

polar region. This,and the presence of the Arctic Ocean in

the center of the great land mass,give the area a markedly

different conformation and climate from that around the

opposite pole.

7、与之相对的北半球，北纬 60 度平行线以北区域，包括斯堪的

纳维亚半岛、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的绝大部分地区，以及格陵兰岛和

冰岛的全部，人口总数几百万。高山防碍了风的前进 ; 墨西哥湾流和部

分日本洋流使这里的极地寒冷空气有所缓和 ; 再加上北冰洋又处在大块

陆地的中央。这个切使得这块区域相对于地球另一端来说，在构架和

气候方面存有显著的不同。

8. Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock,filled and

overflowing with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent

it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps,yet soundings

show that in places that rock floor is below sea level.

8、南极洲看似一个巨大的石盆，被冰所覆盖。大陆的中心几乎

与阿尔卑斯山等高，不过，超声探测显示，岩石底部的很多地点都低

于海平面。

9. Actually,the ice accumulation is less than it was

perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not so

voluminous as it once was,and as a result there are patches

of bare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They

were scoured clear of soil ages ago,but one may sometimes

find moss or lichens growing,though virtually no flowering

plants.

9、事实上，与 1000 年前相比，这些冰的堆积物减少了很多，尤

其是朝向大海的一面已经不像以前那么多了，在海岸边和陆地上留下

一片片裸露的岩石。很多年前这里的土壤已经被冲刷干净，实际上已

找不到开花植物的踪影，但有时还能发现地衣和苔藓。

10. In all this barrenness and cold,what is there of

value? First,Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources

comparable to those of other great continents. Coal-much of

it of poor quality-has been found at many points along the

2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctica

Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese ore

and rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by

copper. These finds are important only as indications that

further exploration would be worthwhile,and such a systematic

effort has begun under SCAR (the Special Committee on

Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth of the

International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has

broadened from geophysics to include mapping and biology.

10、这样一个空旷寒冷的地方，到底有什么价值 ?首先，南极洲

的地下一定有能与其它几个主要大陆相媲美的矿产资源。在被称为南

极大地垒的山脉附近，沿线 2000英里范围内已有多处找到了煤，即使

绝大部分质量很差。一名作家还发现了一个不大的锰矿堆积体和一些

粘染有铀痕迹或者带着铜绿斑痕的矿石标本。这些发现的重要性在于

它表明在这个地区实行深入的勘探是很有价值的，并且在“南极洲研

究特别委员会 (SCAR) ”的指导下，系统的工作已经开始了。这个组织

是国际地球物理学年会 (LGY)的一个派生机构，但是它的项目已经从地

球物理学拓展到地图测绘和生物学。

11. There are other possible economic values. Several

intercontinental air routes lie across portions of Antarctica.

Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of

the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying

in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea

"farming."

11、除此之外还有其他的经济价值。有数条洲际航线经过南极上

空; 在南极海洋的浮游植物里已发现了一些前所未知的抗生素 ; 据报道，

俄国人要将鲱鱼苗倒进海洋，尝试在南极“放养”。

12. But for the immediate future the great value of

Antarctica may lie in other lines of research-from the common

cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny

at a biological laboratory at McMurdo Sound,where clues to

certain viruses are being sought in the study of epidemics

among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.

12、但是，就近期看来，南极洲的重要价值却存有于其他的研究

领域：从普通的感冒到外层空间的问题。对于感冒的研究已经在位于

麦克默多湾 (McMurdo Sound)的生物学实验室里紧锣密鼓地实行，一群

完全与外界隔绝的科学组织的人员正从流行病学的角度寻找一些特殊

的病毒。

13. Investigations of the weather's origins and patterns

are being pressed. There is no question that Antarctica plays

an important role in the weather that affects the destinies

of those living south of the equator; some believe its

effects are felt in the north as well.

13、对于气候的形成和模式的研究也正在加速实行。毫无疑问，

在气候方面南极洲扮演着一个重要的角色，与生活在赤道以南的人们

息息相关; 甚至有人认为它的影响也同样波及到了北半球。

14. As to space research,there is no place on earth

better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of

observation. Here is a firmly fixed point,in contrast to the

drifting floes that cover the North Pole; from it all

directions are north,and during the six months of darkness

the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United

States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y.

and has maintained it ever since.

14、在空间研究方面，南极是地球上最适宜的实行观察的地方。

与北极上; 覆盖的漂流浮冰相比，这里是一个稳定的点。这里所有的方

向都是北，在长达六个月的黑夜中，星星围绕的中心点就在头顶。

1957 年，美国为国际地球物理学年会在此处建立了一个观测站，并且

一直维持至今。

15. Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any

vehicle on a mission in the southern half of the heavens

remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole.

Such a station is also able to play a unique role in

interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.

15、现在，这里是最理想的空间跟踪站。在南半球的太空中执行

任务的所有飞行器都可被极点上的天线持续追踪。同时，这个观测站

还在监视两极轨道上的地球卫星方面发挥不可替代的作用。

16. Such satellites-maintaining their steady sweeps as

the earth revolves beneath them-cover all parts of the globe

and hence are ideal for weather observation,communications

and other tasks. The South Pole would be the check point on

each circuit,snatching the data from space,processing them in

computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the

world.

16、这些卫星处在平稳旋转的地球上空，几乎能够对世界的所有

地区实行稳定的扫描，所以能很好地完成气象观察、通讯以及其它任

务。南极点将成为这些卫星环球轨迹的检查站，从太空采集数据、通

过电脑在几秒钟之内处理数据，并传送到世界各地。

17. On all these counts,the scientists justify their

voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But

essentially their argument is a simple one. The great

continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest

for fundamental knowledge,which is the heart and soul so all

science,it cannot be ignored.

17、综上所述，科学家们认为理应实行南极勘探，同时需要大量

的资金。但是，他们最根本的论据很简单：南方的这块大陆在很大水

准上仍是个迷。为了探索基础知识 - 而探索基础知识也正是科学的核心

和灵魂所在 - 这个地区不容忽视。