CPIM之细部排程及规划(DSP)大纲设计术语翻译

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CPIM之细部排程及规划（DSP）大纲术语翻译

Action message动作信息、请求操作信息

An output of a system that identifies the need for and the type of action to be taken to correct a current or potential problem. Examples of action messages in an MRP system include release order, reschedule in, reschedule out, and cancel. Syn: exception message, action report.

对于当前或潜在的问题，系统输出的需要什么或采取什么行为的指示。例如，在MRP系统里，动作信息包括下达订单、建议提前日期、建议推迟日期、取消。同义词：例外信息、动作报告。

?Activation激活

In constraint management, the use of nonconstraint resources to make parts or products above the level needed to support the system constraint(s). The result is excessive work-in-process inventories or finished goods inventories, or both. In contrast, the term utilization is used to describe the situation in which nonconstraint resource(s) usage is synchronized to support the needs of the constraint.

在约束管理中，增加非约束资源的部件或产品以支持系统约束。结果是出现过多的在制品库存或完工品库存，或者这两种情况都有。相比之下，“利用率”这个词用来描述非约束资源的利用同步支持约束需要的情况。

?Allocation配置、分配

?1) The classification of quantities of items that have been assigned to specific orders but have not yet been released from the stockroom to production. It is an "uncashed" stockroom requisition. 2) A process used to distribute material in short supply. Syn: assignment. See: reservation.

对已分配到指定订单但是还未从仓库下达到生产车间的物料数量的分类。1）未兑现的仓库申请；2）分配供应不足的物料的过程。同义词：assignment。参见：reservation。

?Alternate routing 替代工艺路线

A routing, usually less preferred than the primary routing, but resulting in an identical item. Alternate routings may be maintained in the computer or off-line via manual methods, but the computer software must be able to accept alternate routings for specific jobs.

备选的工艺路线，但是能生产出同样的产品。替代工艺路线可以在计算机中维护或被手工离线。但是计算机软件必须能够接受指定工作的替代工艺路线。

?Availability 可用性、可用率、实用性

The percentage of time that a worker or machine is capable of working. The formula is

Availability = (S - B)*100% / S

Where S is the scheduled time and B is the downtime.

工人或机器可用的工作时间的百分比。公式为

可用率＝ (计划时间 – 停工时间)*100% / 计划时间

?Budgeted capacity 预算产能

The volume/mix of throughput on which financial budgets were set and overhead/burden absorption rates established.

在财务上设定的产出的量/种类或制造管理费用/负荷吸收率。

?Buffer management缓冲管理

In the theory of constraints, a process in which all expediting in a shop is driven by what is scheduled to be in the buffers (constraint, shipping, and assembly buffers). By expediting this material into the buffers, the system helps avoid idleness at the constraint and missed customer due dates. In addition, the causes of items missing from the buffer are identified, and the frequency of occurrence is used to prioritize improvement activities.

在约束理论中，所有的派遣工作都进入一个缓冲区（约束、发运、组装件缓冲）。通过派遣这些物料进入缓冲区，系统能帮助你避免约束产生的空闲和错过客户的交期。另外，在缓冲区能够发现丢失物料的原因，有利于改善生产活动。

?Buffer stock缓冲库存

Syn: safety stock.

就是安全库存

?By-product副产品

A material of value produced as a residual of or incidental to the production process. The ratio of by-product to primary product is usually predictable. By-products may be recycled, sold as is, or used for other purposes. See: co-product.

生产过程中剩下的或附带产生的物料或价值。副产品与主产品的比率通常是可预知的。副产品可以被回收、出卖、作其他用途。参见：co-product。

?Calculated capacity计算产能

?Syn: rated capacity.

就是额定产能。

?Capacity available可用能力

The capability of a system or resource to produce a quantity of output in a particular time period. Syn: available capacity. See: capacity.

系统或资源在一个特定时间里输出的能力。同义词：available capacity。参见：capacity。

Capacity control产能控制

The process of measuring production output and comparing it with the capacity plan, determining if the variance exceeds preestablished limits, and taking corrective action to get back on plan if the limits are exceeded. See: input/output control.

测量生产输出并将其与能力计划比较的过程，以决定它们的差异是否超过了预设的限制，如果超过了限制，需要检查计划、采取正确的行为。参见：输入/输出控制。

?Decentralized inventory control分散库存控制

Inventory decision making exercised at each stocking location for SKUs at that location.

每处单品的库存点自行做库存决策。

?Decoupling inventory保险性库存、分离库存

An amount of inventory kept between entities in a manufacturing or distribution network to create independence between processes or entities. The objective of decoupling inventory is to disconnect the rate of use from the rate of supply of the item. See: buffer.

在制造的实体之间或分销网络之间保留的库存，用于建立流程与流程之间或实体与实体之间的独立性。目的是分割物料供应率与物料使用率之间的联系。参见：缓冲。

?Decoupling points分离点

The locations in the product structure or distribution network where inventory is placed to create independence between processes or entities. Selection of decoupling points is a strategic decision that determines customer lead times and inventory investment. See: control points.

在产品结构或分销网络中库存的位置点，以此创建流程与流程之间或实体与实体之间的独立性。选择分离点是战略决策，能决定客户的提前期和库存投资。参见：控制点。

Dedicated capacity专用能力

A work center that is designated to produce a single item or a limited number of similar items. Equipment that is dedicated may be special equipment or may be grouped general-purpose equipment committed to a composite part.

用于生产单个物料或一定数量的相似物料的工作中心。设备是专用的，可能是指定的设备或是用于制造混合部件的通用设备组。

?Drum-buffer-rope (DBR)鼓-缓冲-绳法

In the theory of constraints, the generalized process used to manage resources to maximize throughput. The drum is the rate or pace of production set by the system's constraint. The buffers establish the protection against uncertainty so that the system can maximize throughput. The rope is a communication process from the constraint to the gating operation that checks or limits material released into the system to support the constraint. See: finite scheduling, synchronized production.

在约束理论中，是一个管理资源、最大化输出的总的流程。鼓点是系统约束设置的生产率或步调。缓冲器正对不确定性建立保护机制，这样，系统才能最大化输出。绳子是从约束到闸道操作的沟通流程，能检查或限制下达到系统的物料以支持约束。参见：有限排程、同步生产。

?Affectivity date生效日

同义词：effective date。

?Engineer-to-order按流程设计

Products whose customer specifications require unique engineering design, significant customization, or new purchased materials. Each customer order results in a unique set of part numbers, bills of material, and routings. Syn: design-to-order.

客户指定对产品的规格，需要单独的流程涉及、客户化程度高、或者就是新产品。每个客户订单都需要单独设置物料号、物料清单、工艺路线。同义词：design-to-order。

Excess capacity过剩能力

A situation where the output capabilities at a nonconstraint resource exceed the amount of productive and protective capacity required to achieve a given level of throughput at the constraint. See: idle capacity, productive capacity, protective capacity.

在一个非约束资源环境里，输出的能力超过约束要求的生产能力和保护能力。参见：闲置能力、生产能力、保护能力。

First in, fist out (FIFO)先进先出

A method of inventory valuation for accounting purposes. The accounting assumption is that the oldest inventory (first in) is the first to be used (first out), but there is no necessary relationship with the actual physical movement of specific items. See: first-come-first-served rule, average cost system.

用于核算的库存评估方法。核算假设最早的库存要先用掉。但是，这与实际的指定物料的物理移动没有必然的联系。参见：first-come-first-served rule, average cost system。

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Flexibility柔性

1) The ability of the manufacturing system to respond quickly, in terms of range and time, to external or internal changes. Six different categories of flexibility can be considered: mix flexibility, design changeover flexibility, modification flexibility, volume flexibility, rerouting flexibility, and material flexibility (see each term for a more detailed discussion). In addition, flexibility involves concerns of product flexibility. Flexibility can be useful in coping with various types of uncertainty (regarding mix, volume, and so on). 2) The ability of a supply chain to mitigate, or neutralize, the risks of demand forecast variability, supply continuity variability, cycle time plus lead-time uncertainty, and transit time plus customs-clearance time uncertainty during periods of increasing or diminishing volume.

1）制造系统对外部和部的变化在围和时间上的快速反应的能力。6种柔性类别：种类柔性、设计换模柔性、修改柔性、量柔性、重设工艺路线柔性、物料柔性（这6个词在APICS词典中都有具体的解释）。另外，柔性还考虑到产品柔性。在应对各种不确定性（种类、量等）时柔性很有用。2）在增加或降低产品量的过程中，供应链减轻、抵消需求预测的变化、连续供应的变化、周期加上提前期的不确定性、运输时间加上报关时间的不确定性的风险的能力。

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Forward flow scheduling正排

A procedure for building process train schedules that starts with the first stage and proceeds sequentially through the process structure until the last stage is scheduled.

流程是从第一阶段开始排，按顺序排到最后一阶段。

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Gateway work center 闸道工作中心

A work center that performs the first operation of a particular routing sequence.

在一个特别的工艺路线顺序里，执行第一道工序的工作中心。

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Idle capacity闲置能力

The capacity generally not used in a system of linked resources. From a theory of constraints perspective, idle capacity consists of protective capacity and excess capacity. See: excess capacity, productive capacity, protective capacity.

通常是的资源的系统不用的能力。根据约束理论，闲置能力由保护能力和过剩能力组成。参见：过剩能力、生产能力、保护能力。

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Idle time闲置时间

The time when operators or resources (e.g., machines) are not producing product because of setup, maintenance, lack of material, lack of tooling, or lack of scheduling.

由于准备、维修、缺物料、缺工具、缺排程，而导致的操作员或资源（如：机器）不进行产品生产的时间。

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Inventory accounting存货核算

The branch of accounting dealing with valuing inventory. Inventory may be recorded or valued using either a perpetual or a periodic system. A perpetual inventory record is updated frequently or in real time, while a periodic inventory record is counted or measured at fixed time intervals, e.g., every two weeks or monthly. Inventory valuation methods of LIFO, FIFO, or average costs are used with either recording system.

核算库存价值。可用永续库存或周期库存记录库存或评估库存价值。永续库存记录要定期更新或实时更新。周期库存是在固定的时间间隔里进行计算，如：每2周或每月。库存评估法有后进先出、先进先出、平均成本。

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Inventory buffer库存缓冲

Inventory used to protect the throughput of an operation or the schedule against the negative effects caused by delays in delivery, quality problems, delivery of incorrect quantity, and so on.?Syn: inventory cushion. See: fluctuation inventory, safety stock.

用于保护工序的输出、或由于交付延迟、质量问题、数量交付错误等导致的计划排期。同义词：inventory cushion存货准备。参见：波动库存、安全库存。

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Inventory investment库存投资

The dollars that are in all levels of inventory.

在库存各个阶段的钱。

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Inventory policy库存政策

A statement of a company's goals and approach to the management of inventories.

公司对于库存管理的目标和方法的一个描述。

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Joint replenishment联合补货

Coordinating the lot sizing and order release decision for related items and treating them as a family of items. The objective is to achieve lower costs because of ordering, setup, shipping, and quantity discount economies.