英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧含解析（20页）

试题类型及其解题技巧含解析(科普环保)【英语】高三英语阅读理解

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A、B、C和1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的in the doctor's office and the queue of The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast

patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the

appointments to shared medical one-to-one appointments to give way model of short, sharp

).共享医疗预约(SMAsand patient education a group of patients receive SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which

), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs counseling (咨询are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common

illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment

time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians

and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers. However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are

significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland

are nurses significant challenge. Physicians and identifies Clinic, culture change as the most

trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge

to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed

and chaos about the possible Sumego Dr. says, The physicians may be worried standards.

their patients understand what They marketed. also have to make the efficiencies that are

灡潰湩浴湥?獩?湡?桷瑡琠敨攠灸捥慴楴湯椠? So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them

the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow to start and develop some

experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some

standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next

桳牡摥洠摥捩污愠灰楯瑮敭瑮?湡?桴?敮瑸尮 What is the purpose of the SMA approach? ）（1 A. To improve medical service. B. To promote doctors' reputation. C. To conduct medical research. D. To meet patients' expectation. According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted? 2）（ D. Shared goals.C. Lack of equipment. A. Personal service. B. Fixed ideas.

What can the underlined uy-in in Paragraph 4 be replaced by? ）（3 A. practice B. organization C. purchase D. support What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph? ）（4 A. It is currently being questioned. B. It is impractical in some areas. C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon. D. It should be carried out step by step.

A） （1【答案】 B）（2 A）（3 D ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式 面临的挑战。

　（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer

appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their

physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。故 。A选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments,

Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge

to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的 挑战。医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训; SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。也就是说，改变这 。模式的推广，故选B些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared

medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始 。A他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So, if an organization was looking to start shared

medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians,

develop the… appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下 。的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。故选D次。这说明SMAs 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考 生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

D和四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A、B、C．2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through

your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that

bee is focused on something else entirely: me. A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as

three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the

bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of

one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the

mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in

the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the

water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In

her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea

spoon of me. The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast,

I never go bad.—and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture

and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce

the number of flowers bees have to visit I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a

little wild My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping

without ever asking for anything in return.to you, to me—the bees, who give so much— What does me refer to in the passage? 1）（ A. The flower B. The bee C. Water D. Honey nd paragraph mainly about? What is the 2（2） B. Bees' hard work.A. Bees' special talent

D. Bees' social behavior.C. Bees' living environment.

What is the purpose of the passage? ）（3 B. To talk about the history of a treasure.A. To appeal for help for honeybees.

C. To put forward techniques for gardeners. D. To argue against the control of chemicals. D） （1【答案】 B）（2 A ）（3【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只 有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。

　（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that

敢?獩映捯獵摥漠?潳敭桴湩?汥敳攠瑮物汥屹可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂 。D蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选完全专注于其他的东西—— （2）考查主旨大意。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工 。B作，故选 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 hus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to

me—without ever asking for anything in 敲畴湲尮可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人 。类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A 【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅 读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have

read.

Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge

on flukes, often raised when diving Bumpy tubercles on top of head Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body

and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped 270-400 olive baleen plates Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei,

Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas

(North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic

feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may

migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females

give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain

in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in

later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other

schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance

may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and

blue whales. Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former

migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales? ）（1 A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin. B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres. C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized. D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales'

migration?

A. They need warmer waters to breed.

B. They can't survive in extreme cold. C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters. D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters. This article is mainly intended to . 3）（ A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species C1）【答案】 （ A2）（ C 3）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何 繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。

　（1）考查推理判断 。根据第四个小点后的一段Body color is dark brown to black; often

extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual

敲潣湧瑩潩屮可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的 。项符合题意，故选C白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C （2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的The big family migrate between winter

tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga)

and summer Antarctic feeding areas. 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方 。A繁殖，故选 （3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并 。项符合题意，故选C对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考 生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

犇犇阅读理解4． Hacking isn't just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in

the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use

sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around

the world.

Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and

carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very

slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a

plant's genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between

14 and 20 percent.

Specifically, scientists hacked the plant's protective system. Normally, this system is activated

when a plant gets too much sunlight, said scientist Krishna Niyogi, co-author of the study. When

the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in

shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow.

Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants

the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to

get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.

The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant's genes, the protective system

turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used

in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a

third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they

think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice.

What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants' genes？（1） B. They will grow fast to produce more food.A. They will become weaker and weaker.

C. They will have more beautiful flowers. D. They will depend less on sunlight. ？）（2Why does the author mention light-adjusting glasses A. To warn people of the hot and bright sun. B. To explain the principle of plants' protective system. C. To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight. D. To serve the science experiment smoothly. In the future, the genetic changes will be used to. ）（3 B. increase tobacco plants' leaves and rootsA. improve tobacco plants' quality

D. increase the production of corn and riceC. improve the flowers' living time

？）Which of the following can be the theme of this text（4 A. Hacking plants for more production B. Leaf growing more quickly C. Double production of tobacco plants D. Photosynthesis and production B1）【答案】 （ B2）（ D）（3 A ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速 度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

　（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in

order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of

food produced around the world. ”可知，科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物的光合作用速度 。B加快，将来会增加全球植物的产量。故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants

可知，作者提到镜片是为了说the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”

。B明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。故选 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ But they think the genetic changes will produce the

same results in corn and rice. ”但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中产生相同的结果。

　。D可知选 （4）考查主旨大意，根据文章内容可知，科学家改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速 。A度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。故选 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have

just read.

Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively

speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or

crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how

they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before

touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have

mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently. In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference

between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years

nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though,

researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built

differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This

makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very

good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust

themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a

bird cannot easily do. Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down!

Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying

around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this

landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However,

not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on

the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a

hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to

landing in leafy treetops. Which of the following is the topic of the passage? 1（） A. Places where flying animals choose to land. B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats. C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds. D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds. Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected? ）2（．

A. They cannot hear any sound. B. They sleep upside down. D. They hide in tree branches.C. They fly similarly to birds.

(in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to ______. it桔?潷摲尠（3） A. the distance to the nets B. the sense of flying height D. the ability to change the speedC. the flying direction

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? ）（4 A. Bats might hurt themselves when landing. B. Bats can hang upside down like birds. D. Bats and birds land in different ways.C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.

D） （1【答案】 C）（2 C）（3 B ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者用研究事实来证明蝙蝠在飞行及运动方式与鸟类完全不同。以前人们认为蝙蝠和鸟类在运动方面没有什么区别，但现在的研究证明蝙蝠的构造不同于鸟类，它们的翅膀由前肢和后肢组成，它们自我调节能力好，可迅速改变飞行方向，或完全逆行，这是鸟类不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒 立着降落的！这不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟。

　（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing,

畢?桴獥?睴?祴数?景映祬牥?潧愠潢瑵椠?畱瑩?楤晦牥湥汴?提出了蝙蝠与鸟的降落方式及飞行的不同。第二段用研究证明过去认为蝙蝠和鸟类在飞行运动方面没有什么区别是错误的。尤其是 hey are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its

楤敲瑣潩?景映楬桧?牯挠浯汰瑥汥?敲敶獲?瑩?潳敭桴湩楢摲挠湡潮?慥楳祬搠屯可知蝙蝠与鸟的运动不同；第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats

land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on 桴?牧畯摮漠?湯琠敲?牢湡档獥┬?日尶再一次说明了蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同。综上所述，可知，蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同是本文的主 。D题。故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying

mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on

assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move

their wings…This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result,

桴祥愠敲渠瑯瘠牥?潧摯愠?汦楹杮漠敶?潬杮牥搠獩慴据獥尮可推断出，过去人们认为蝙蝠与鸟在飞 。C行运动方式与鸟没有区别，最近的研究发现，这是不正确的，故也是要纠正的，故选 （3）考查代词指代。划线部分的上下文说蝙蝠在自我调节的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改变飞行方向，或者完全与它（正飞行方向）相反的方向飞行，这是鸟不容易做到 。C楜屴由此可知，此处的指的是飞行的方向。故选的。

　（4）考查推断判断。根据第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the

way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree

branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an

object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force,

可知，蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的方式！慰湩尮causes probably which

不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟，观察到蝙蝠可以四处飞行，然后突然倒挂在头顶的物体上。这种降落方式的一个缺点是蝙蝠经常用力降落，这可能会导致疼痛。因此蝙蝠与 。B鸟不同，蝙蝠可以倒挂着。故选 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答 案。

阅读理解6． Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao,

received a call from th