As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi
and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe-sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked
remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four
stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand
people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods.
These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to
make construction easier and for defense against enemies.
They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish
explorers must have realized since they called them "pueblos",
which is Spanish for town.
The people of the pueblos raised what are called"the three
sisters" - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and
wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold
water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where
water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams
to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water
was so important that it played a major role in their religion.
They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to
bring rain.
The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more
strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the
Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands
between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They
gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits
and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today s Inuit
hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They
lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of
blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for
salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains
Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains
and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called
the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its
hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their
tents and tipis.
16. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings.
B. The movement of American Indians across North America.
C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians.
D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North
America.
17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of
the Hopi and Zuni were______.
A. very smallB. highly advancedC. difficult to defendD. quickly constructed