1．In tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.
(A) there is no
(B) is there not
(C) neither
(D) no
答案：A
分析：连词and连接前后两个句子，后句已经完整，选项中只有A能保证并列句子完整性。
参考译文：在实用主义tile学派看来，绝对和必然都不存在。
2. The femur, or thighbone, is -------in the human body.
(A) the bone is longest
(B) the longest bone that
(C) the longest bone
(D) that of which the longest bone
答案：C
分析：根据黄金规则一，题干中主语、谓语齐全，若出现连词、关系代词、关系副词，必定还有一个谓语，反之亦然。而A中有谓语is但是没有连词，B.和D中有关系代词that但是没有谓语。
参考译文：大腿骨，也称股骨，是人体中最长的骨头。
3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.
(A) Many
(B) Of the many
(C) There are many
(D) Many are the
答案：A
分析：同上道理，根据黄金规则，C、D错。B缺少主语。
参考译文：很多种不同的豆类植物被栽培于世界各地。
4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.
(A) are that vertical cylinders
(B) that vertical cylinders
(C) cylinders are vertical
(D) vertical cylinders
答案：D
分析：根据黄金规则，A、C有谓语动词，但是两句之间没有连词、关系代词、关系副词，错。B中有关系代词that，但是没有谓语动词（注意embeded是及物动词的被动语态，不可能单独出现作为谓语），而且that作为关系代词时，必须紧跟先行词，之间不可能出现逗号。 题干部分A major source of rock salt is domes,已经是一个完整的句子，逗号之后，要么有连词连接句子，要么只能是个词组，名词短语做宾语同位语。
参考译文：岩盐的主要来源是domes，一种藏于地表层的岩盐垂直柱体。
5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.
(A) also to have occurred
(B) their occurrence also
(C) also occur
(D) they do also occur
答案：D
分析：前半句完整，后句出现连词although. 根据黄金规则，后句必须有自己的主语、谓语。显然只有D主语谓语齐全。
参考译文：温泉是近世火山活动区域的最典型特征之一，尽管其在其他地区也会少量出现。
6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were ---such as soap manufacturers.
(A) commercial companies by sponsored
(B) companies commercial by sponsored
(C) sponsored by commercial companies
(D) companies commercial sponsored by
答案：C
分析：语序题，such as的前面必然是名词，只有C符合。同时，被动语态， 只有 were sponsored 也就是C符合。
参考译文：肥皂剧，一种电视系列剧，之所以被称作肥皂剧是因为起初它们是由肥皂制造商等商业公司提供赞助的。
7. In the early 1900 s, Albert Einstein showed---, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.
(A) in which
(B) that
(C) what
(D) there are
答案：B
分析： B里面的That 作宾语从句的连接词。
参考译文：在20世纪早期，Albert Einstein指出物质和能量在特定条件下能相互转化。
8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.
(A) Banking
(B) When banking
(C) It was banking
(D) Banking was
答案：A
分析：后面的壮语从句已经完整，因此只需看主句。主句中已经有谓语began，根据黄金规则，B多了关系副词when；C、D有第二个谓语，缺少关系代词、副词、连词。
参考译文：美国银行业兴起于18世纪，当时个人、贸易商、殖民地政府之间相互借款。
9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit ---------to gather at a recently discovered food source.
(A) while their nestmates
(B) so that their nestmates
(C) their nestmates
(D) their nestmates are
答案：C
分析：to gather是动词不定式，不能做谓语。因此，题干中只有一个谓语are。根据黄金规则，A有关系副词，但是没有第二谓语，错。D有第二谓语但是没有连词、关系代词、副词，错。B中出现so that结构，首先recruit这里是及物动词，后面没有宾语，错；其次，so that之后应该是完整的句子，这里显然错。
参考译文：觅食蜜蜂通过特殊的动作，能够把他们的伙伴聚集到新发现的食物源。
10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite ----------zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight
(A) as similar
(B) as similar as
(C) similar than
(D) that similar
答案：B
分析：as similar as结构， C必须是比较 结构。
参考译文：尽管化学元素铌和钽与锆和铪不是非常相似，但是它们的差别很小。
11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer.
(A) Railroad history
(B) Railroad history includes
(C) Throughout railroad history
(D) In railroad history there are
答案：C
分析：根据黄金规则，B、D有第二个谓语，但是没有连词、关系代词、副词，错。
参考译文：在整个铁路历史上，安全性和可靠性一直是铁路机械工程师的主要目标。
12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands.
(A) a part is important
(B) partly important
(C) what part is important
(D) an important part
答案：D
分析：考点为of用法。通常出现的是of 前后均为名词，表示从属关系。Important of的形式显然错误。
参考译文：小号是大多数舞会和爵士乐队的一个重要部分。
13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.
(A) a process
(B) which process
(C) a process in which
(D) which is a process
答案：C
分析：考点为同位语结构。主句完整，a process 做homogenization的同位语，后面的定语从句in which 修饰process。
参考译文：大多数全脂奶经过了均化过程，在这个过程中热牛奶通过阀门，被打散并最终消除脂肪球。
14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages.
(A) of which usually
(B) which usually of
(C) is usually of
(D) usually of
答案：D
分析：插入语。题干中已经有一个谓语is（注意used as…及后面的部分是宾语补足语），根据黄金规则，A、B有关系代词但是没有第二个谓语，错。C有第二个谓语但是没有连词、关系代词、副词，错。
参考译文：混合语是指任何一种辅助语言，通常是一种比较初级的，用来作为讲不同语种的人们之间交流的中介。
15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became ----appointed to the faculty of Vassar College.
(A) as the first woman
(B) the first woman was
(C) the first woman
(D) being the first woman
答案：C
分析：become是及物动词，A错。根据黄金规则，B出现第二个谓语但是没有关系代词、副词、连词，错。D的形式有谁见过？
参考译文：1865年，天文学家Maria Mitchell成为第一个被任命为Vassar学院教员的女士。
16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannot alive in frigid climates because they need the Sun s warmth to give them energy_
答案：B，alive>>live
分析：考点为形容词与动词混用, alive是形容词，live 是动词。
参考译文：爬行动物常见于陆地和水中，但是无法生活与恶劣的气候下，因为他们需要太阳的温暖为其提供能量。
17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years ago by metal tools, who were used to build instruments and simple machines.
答案：B，who>>which
分析：who只能指代人，which只能指代物
参考译文：大约6000年前金属工具开始取代石器，被用来制造设备和简单的机器。
18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considered a inspiring symbol of hope and freedom.
答案：C，a>>an
分析：单词发音为元音开头的单词之前应该用an
参考译文：自由女神像作为世界上最著名的建筑之一，被广泛视为鼓舞人心的希望与自由的标志。
19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcars by providing flexibility greater in routes.
答案：D，flexibility greater>>greater flexibility
分析：考点为词序颠倒，形容词应在名词之前
参考译文：公共汽车在20世纪初发展起来，并以更灵活的行车路线与电车竞争。
20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during the early grow period of coffee, but dry conditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.
答案：B，grow>>growing
分析：考点为动词、形容词混用，动词grow不能当作period的修饰成分的。
参考译文：在咖啡的生长早期，丰沛的雨水或灌溉是必要的，但是成熟期里干燥的条件会给咖啡豆带来上佳的口味。
21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants of the Northwest Coast of North America first established trade mutes for obsidian.
答案：A
分析：考点是 it引导的强调句型；把there改成it 即可。
参考译文：至少在2000年前，北美西北海岸线的居民就已开始进行黑曜石的贸易运输。
22. The simplest polymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alter slightly and link together in a long chain.
答案：C
分析：考点是不定式的固定搭配；cause small molecules to alter and (to,可省略) link together….
参考译文：最简单的聚合体是在压力或热量导致一些小分子发生轻微的变化并且连成一个长长的分子链时生成的。
23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive of a majority of the members of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.
答案：A
分析：考点是同根形容词与名词的混用；将supportive 改为 support 即可。
参考译文：加拿大的总理必须获得国会下议院议员们的大多数支持才能留任。
24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes, rendering they in straightforward, conventional styles that bordered occasionally on illustration.
答案：B
分析：考点是宾格人称代词与主格人称代词的混用，动词后的人称代词须用宾格；将 they 改为 them 即可。
参考译文：“垃圾桶”绘画学派集中刻画那些普通—甚至是丑陋--的城市场景，对它们用直白的、传统的、偶尔接近于插图的风格来进行描绘。
25. By the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.
答案：C
分析：同根形容词与名词的混用；将 equivalence 改为equivalent；完整的表达为 the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, (which was) approximately equivalent to the urban areas of the country.
参考译文：到了50年代末，美国市郊的人口已达6000万，大致相当于市区人口总数。
26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, the composition of the minerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock s geologic history.
答案：B
分析：考的是定贯词的使用，应在 of 后加 the，限定为岩石的crystallization；Because后面的it指代the composition；此类题一直是难点，建议用排除法做。
参考译文：由于岩石内矿物质的组成结构经常受岩石结晶时的条件状况，因此这些矿物质的组成结构在分析岩石的地理历史中能起到重要作用。
27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect only those persons living within certain geographical limits.
答案：A
分析：考的是形容词与副词的混用，动词前应用副词修饰；将habitual 改为 habitually，用于修饰谓语动词infect。
参考译文：地方病是一种习惯性地感染居住在一定地域范围内人群的疾病。
28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interact with the environment of the area where they live.
答案：C
分析：考的是词序，定语性质的形容词大多数情况下放在名词前面；将 the people local 改为 the local people 即可。
参考译文：区域地理学研究的是，在地域基础上，当地人与他们所处的地理环境之间相互作用、相互影响的方式。
29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form most important river system in Alabama.
答案：D form most>> form the most
分析：考的是定贯词在最高级中的使用；由于句末的 in Alabama 明确了比较的范围，因此题目中的最高级应与 the 搭配使用，即在 most 前加 the。
参考译文：向南流入墨西哥湾的Mobile河以及它的支流，构成了阿拉巴马洲最重要的水系。
30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals we rarely see.
答案：C inhabit>> inhabitted
分析：考的是用来修饰名词的后置过去分词结构， 修饰名词a hidden world；将 inhabit 改为 inhabited, 全句的后半部分也可视为一个定语从句结构，即 there lies a hidden world (that is) inhabited by plants and animals。
参考译文：在海平面的下面，有一个被隐藏的世界，那里居住着我们很少很看到的动植物。
31. Advertising s primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchase an item before they are actually see and inspect it.
答案：D 多余了are， 删除就可以。
分析：。考查句子完整性。They指代consumers， before是句子连词，后面应该是个完整句子。如果有are, 应该是被动语态，但是see明显不是被动语态，所以，删除are即可；see and inspect是并列的动词谓语。
参考译文：广告的主要目的是预售一项产品，也就是说，去说服消费者购买一件他们并未事先看到和检查的商品。
32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless, colorless, and odorless.
答案：B substance>> substances
分析：考点是名词的单复数；that引导的定语从句修饰substance, 由于从句中are为复数形式，因此其逻辑主语substance也因用复数形式，改为 substances；从句中的in their pure state为插入语。
参考译文：脂肪和固体油是油脂性的，蜡状的物质，在纯净状态中，他们一般是无色无味道的。
33. Of all the elements in the Earth s crust, oxygen is known to be the more common.
答案：D more>> most
分析：考点是最高级的使用；由于有 Of all the elements 对比较范围进行了限定，因此要用最高级，将 more 改为 most；全句也是一个倒装结构，正常的语序是 Oxygen is known to be the most common of all the elements in the Earth’s crust.
参考译文：在地壳的所有元素中，氧被认为是最多的。
34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations on film in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.
答案：A processes photographic>> photographic processes
分析：考点是语序；photographic 用来修饰 processes 时应放在前面，此外，后面紧跟的 are 也提示主语的中心词是复数形式的 processes, 而不是 photographic。
参考译文：在微缩摄影术中，通过摄影过程来制作胶片上的文字和图示，这些文字和图示需要放大才能阅读。
35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered with husks what split when the nuts are ripe.
答案：C what>> that
分析：考点是what 与 that 的混用；what 不能作为引导词引导定语从句，必须改为 that；在本题中，that split when the nuts are ripe 作为定语从句修饰 husks。
参考译文：澳洲坚果树上的圆形、有坚硬外壳的坚果成堆生长，并且被外壳所包裹，这些外壳在坚果成熟时会裂开。
36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs a retirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribute.
答案：D
分析：考的是同根名词与动词的混用；local后应跟名词，将distribute改为distribution。
参考译文：颁布于1935年的美国社会安保法案包括三个主要方案，分别是退休基金、失业保险和针对地方分配的福利保障。
37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully, and coherent than that from any other light source.
答案：B powerfully>> powerful
分析：考点是并列结构；powerfully 改为 powerful后，与monochromatic以及coherent形成并列结构，共同作为表语。
参考译文：从激光产生的光普通而言要比其它任何光源所产生的光要来得更加色彩单调，强烈以及连贯。
38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge was the premier interior designer of his time, receiving commissions for church interiors, private houses, and mural.
答案：D mural>> murals
分析：考点是名词的单复数形式；与mural并列的interiors以及private houses均为复数形式，因此应改为murals, 从句意上理解也应是复数。此外，A选项中的premier 是修饰designer, 而不是修饰 interior。
参考译文：19世纪的美国艺术家用John La Farge是他那个时代的顶级内部设计师，受委托进行教堂内部、私人宅楼和壁画的设计。
39. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificial satellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.
答案：A first>> the first
分析：考的是定贯词的使用；first 要与限定词连用，比如，the first, his first。
参考译文：在始于1957年的太空时代的头10年内，有超过500颗的人造卫星被送上环绕地球的轨道。
40. Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in so large numbers between 1765 and 1790 that they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.
答案：A so>> such
分析：考点是such…that 与so …that的区别，such 后要跟名词结构，而so 后面要跟形容词结构。题中的large numbers是名词结构，因此要将A改为such。
参考译文：1765年至1790年之间，如此大量的移民涌入Connecticut River towns, 以至于其数量几乎是位于马萨诸色州的hampshire country 人口数的两倍。
