设为首页 | 收藏 ★ 坚持梦想,永不妥协!!
首页 > 英语阅读教程 > 出国英语 > TOFEL托福 > 历年真题

2003年10月托福语法全真题及答案

1. The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt_________
(A)      original themes
(B)      to original themes
(C)      that were original themes
(D)      how original themes
 
答案:A
分析:动词attempt to do sth/ attempt sth, 没有attempt to sth的用法,B错,C,D都有连词that或者how, 但是后面的成分不能构成完整的从句。
参考译文:Oklahoma的音乐旋律对于音乐舞台的发展恭喜很大, 它也激励了其他原创的旋律。
 
2. Despite its fishlike form, the whale is_________ and will drown if submerged too long.
(A)          an animal breathes air that
(B)          an animal that breathes air
(C)          an animal breathes air
(D)          that an animal breathes air
 
答案:B
分析:定语从句的用法, 只有B 正确, A, C都是句子两个动词谓语没有连接词, 错; D可以看作是表语从句, 但是逻辑意思不能充当表语, ‘一种动物是动物呼吸空气’从逻辑上说不通。
参考译文:虽然它的形状象鱼, 鲸是一种呼吸空气的动物, 如果在水里停留时间太长, 会窒息而死。
 
3. The saguaro, found in desert regions in the southwestern United States, _______ cactus in the world.
(A)          is the largest
(B)          the largest
(C)          that is the largest
(D)          the largest that is a
 
答案:A
分析:最高级的用法, found是过去分词作插入语修饰, 不是句子的谓语动词, 所以B, C, D 句子无谓语动词。
参考译文:Saguaro仙人掌, 可以在美国西南地区发现, 是世界上最大的仙人掌。
 
4. It is said that United Stales literature _________ individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.
(A)          was achieved
(B)          achieved
(C)          to achieve
(D)          achieving
 
答案:B
分析:动词achieve的用法 achieve可以及物动词也可以不及物动词, 例子:Women have yet to achieve full equality in the work place. We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession。原文中有词组individuality and identity, 选了A的话, 这个成分就没有作用了, 必须说individuality and identity was achieved; 要保证句子通顺各个给定的成分正常作用, 只能选B。 参考译文:据说美国文学在20世纪孕育出独立性和自主性, 而且是在长期模仿欧洲模型的之后才形成的。
 
5. Lucy Stone, __________first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
(A)          the one
(B)          who was the
(C)          another
(D)          one of the
 
答案:D
分析:名词结构的插入语, one of 结构, 句子谓语动词是help, 注意help 的用法, help do sth, help to do sth, help sb to do sth, help sb都可以; A, B错在数, 如果不是复数feminists, 而是单数feminist, 那就选B。C没有这种用法的。
参考译文:Lucy Stone, 美国最早的女权运动者之一, 在1869年帮助组织了美国女性权力协会。
 
6. __________ including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy,grassy, scrubby, or wooded.
(A)          Depending on many factors
(B)          Many factors depending on
(C)          Factors depending on many
(D)          On many factors depending
 
答案:A
分析:现在分词作全句状语, B的成分depending on和原文的including 不能连接, on 是介词, 这里including的作用也是介词, 重复使用肯定不可以, C不知道many的指代, D语序混乱。
参考译文:依据气候, 矿物质的含量, 和表面水分的永久程度, 湿地可能是长满青苔的, 长满草的, 长满灌木的,或者有树木的。
 
7. Duke Ellington’s orchestra, __________his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.
(A)          he played
(B)          playing
(C)          that it played
(D)          was playing
 
答案:B
分析:注意句子本身已经有谓语, made, 在没有连词的情况下, D 必错. 同时A 中的he 是前面的主语不能和句子连起来. C 中的it 没有指代. 应该去调. 应该that 已经代Duk ***了. 这个题目中的playing his own often complex compositions是插入的修饰成分, 句子的伴随、原因状语。
准备考GMAT的朋友注意: 在GMAT的句子改错中, 这个句子的最优先的表达应该是把伴随成分放在句首: Playing his own often complex compositions, Duke Ellington s orchestra made many innovations in jazz. 在GMAT的句子改错中, 原文的中间修饰成分称为squinting modifier, 是不严格的。
参考译文:Duke Ellington的管弦乐队演奏了很多他本人谱写的复杂的乐章, 从而对爵士乐进行了很多革新.
 
8. The term “ice age” refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth’s surface__________.
(A)          as is today
(B)          than today is
(C)          than they do today
(D)          that today
 
答案:C
分析:并列比较结构, they= glaciers, do= cover 出现了more找有than的选项, B, C, B中的比较的成分变成了glacier和today比较, 意思不对。
参考译文:‘冰期’指的是任何一段时间, 该段时间内冰山覆盖了地球表面的相当大的部分。
 
9. From colonial times, United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory__________ directly from services that the government could provide.
(A)          property owners benefited so that
(B)          why property owners benefited
(C)          that if property owners benefited
(D)          that property owners benefited
 
答案:D
分析:同位语从句theory/ assumption/ reason that, that作连接词, 不作句子成分。 C的意思是疑问句了, 和主句意思不一致。
参考译文:自从殖民时代开始, 美国的拥有资产的人就同意政府征税, 因为他们相信资产拥有者从政府的服务中得到好处。
 
10. Helium is not flammable and, next to hydrogen, is__________.
(A)          known the lightest gas
(B)          lightest the known gas
(C)          the lightest gas known
(D)          the known gas lightest
 
答案:C
分析:最高级the lightest gas的用法, known是过去分词后置定语; 其他选项语序混乱B,D都没有把the lightest连在一起, 错;A的known脱离了名词gas。
参考译文:氦不能燃烧, 而且, 是仅次于氢气的为人所知道的气体。
 
11. Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed __________ from 20 to 30 years.
(A)          live
(B)          to live
(C)          they live
(D)          their living
 
答案:B
分析:be believed to do sth是习惯用法, A,C都是两个谓语动词没有连接词, 错;D从语法上说, their living没有适当的语法成分。
参考译文:能够活到成年的野生的鹰寿命长度为20-30年。
 
12. Portland, __________, is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many islands.
(A)          which Maine’s largest city
(B)          Maine’s largest city where
(C)          is Maine’s largest city
(D)          Maine’s largest city
 
答案:D
分析:同位语作插入语, 单独的名词词组就可以了; A的定语从句缺谓语; B多了where, C两个谓语动词没有连接词。
参考译文:Portland是Maine州最大的城市, 主要座落在山峦起伏的两个半岛上, 面对Casco Bay和Casco Bay的很多小岛。
 
13. _________ widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.
(A)          Despite
(B)          Whether
(C)          Though
(D)          Except for
 
答案:C
分析:状语从句的省略, 还原就是:Though sodium carbonate is widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is …… 。A,D都是介词, 不能接形容词, 要接名词。 B的意义不对。
参考译文:虽然在化学工业广泛应用, 碘炭化合物主要消耗在玻璃工业。
 
14. Cells, first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered _________ in the nineteenth century.
(A)          them as microcosm of living organisms
(B)          the microcosm of living organisms
(C)          the microcosm of living organisms to be
(D)          as which, the microcosm of living organisms
 
答案:B
分析:被动语态, sth be considered sth, 还原动词主动语态:consider sth to be sth, 中间的 to be 可以省略。 A多出来them,重复了; C的to be是不完整的成分, D是混淆定语从句。
参考译文:细胞最早由早期的微生物学者定义, 到19世纪的时候被认为是生物的微组成。
 
15. Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large, gaseous planet composed _________ of hydrogen and helium.
(A)          it is mostly
(B)          mostly
(C)          almost
(D)          both are almost
 
答案:B
分析:副词mostly的用法
almost是几乎、差不多的意思, mostly意思是大部分。而且almost修饰动词、名词等,都放在前面。
参考译文:像Jupiter木星一样,Saturn土星是一个巨大的, 有气体的星球, 气体的主要成分是氢气和氦气。
 
16.Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt,sour cream,and vinegar.
 
答案:D. such that: such as
分析:举例用such as, 惯用法, 考过多次, 还有把such as颠倒过来的错误或是把such a颠倒来混淆视听。
参考译文:细菌繁殖种群在商业上用来生产食品, 比如酸奶, 酸乳酪和醋。
 
17. Anyone with absolute, or perfect, pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.
 
答案:A. are: is
分析:主语是anyone, 谓语动词要用单数。 Some 指的是’某’, 后面可以是单数或者复数的名词。
参考译文:任何一个有全阶音律的人都能够通过耳朵分别标准音高或者任意唱出特定音符。
 
18. Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.
 
答案:C. cling to: cling 分析:定语从句的用法, 还原: they cling to other plants by their tails。原文中已经有to which, 后面的to多余。
参考译文:海马通常生活在海边的水草或者其他的植物中, 他们用自己的尾巴牢牢附着在植物上面。
19. Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls, which allowing for further growth.
 
答案:D. allowing: allow
分析:定语从句的用法, 还原:soft spots allows for further growth。Allowing导致定语从句无谓语动词。
参考译文:婴儿的头骨之间有柔软部分, 允许进一步生长。
 
20. T.S.Elot, who a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.
 
答案:A. who, 去掉, 或者变成who was, 不过有罗嗦之嫌
分析:定语从句和插入语的用法。只有who, 没有was, 导致定语从句无谓语动词。 修改以后, 出现很长的一个插入语a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, 注意说的是一个人, 而不是很多人, 谓语动词是单数的。 参考译文:T.S.Elot, 一个诗人,剧作家, 文学评论家, 编辑, 是诗歌界Modemist运动的领袖人物。
 
21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost the entire boundary western of North and South America.
 
答案:D. boundary western: western boundary
分析:western作形容词修饰要前置。
参考译文:太平洋几乎构成南北美洲整个西部的边沿。
 
22.Established in 1948, the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.
 
答案: B. singly: single
分析:副词形容词用法single修饰的是university system, 独立的, 单独的, 如果是副词就变成‘单独’来修饰‘最大’, 不合逻辑意思了 。 single 的一种用法, 放在最高级前面表示强调.
参考译文:建立于1948年, 纽约州立大学是美国最大的单独的大学系统。
 
23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature, records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.
 
答案: C. extension: extends
分析: 动词并列disseminates…records….extends….
参考译文:摄影传播人类和自然的信息, 记录可见的历史, 延伸人类的知识到达眼睛不能穿透的地方。
 
24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.
 
答案:B. economically: economic
分析: 形容词副词混淆, 副词不能作定语修饰名词fortunes。
参考译文:在19世纪, 由于它们财富改变特别迅速, 很多美国西部的边疆城镇经历了人口的巨大起伏。
 
25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given, neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.
 
答案:C. neither: either
分析: 固定搭配neither … nor, either…or
参考译文:基本上来说现在没有任何一种疾病是没有相应的治疗药物的, 也许治愈该疾病, 也许缓解症状。
 
26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting, for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.
 
答案: D. relax: the relaxation
分析: 词性误用relax是动词, 这里要名词并列contraction and relaxation。
参考译文:钙对于以下都很重要:血液的凝固, 某些酶的发挥作用, 肌肉的正常收缩和放松
 
27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art, but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.
 
答案: D. much: more
分析: much不能修饰可数名词exhibits, more是much和many的比较级,可以用。 从语句的含义上来看, 改成more比many 合适。
参考译文:Williams学院艺术博物馆包括古代和中世纪的, 不过很多还是现代或者当代艺术品。
 
28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.
 
答案:A. analyst:analysis
分析:passage这里做名词,analyst of incoming light讲不通,况且allow sb. to do sth
参考译文:光谱分析技术使得分析光的组成成为可能, 当光通过棱住折射的时候, 分出自己的波长, 显示出成分。
 
29. Today, fifty years after its construction, the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in normal year.
 
答案: D. in normal: in a normal
分析: 表达每年的概念一定要有a year, 不定冠词不能少。
参考译文: 在Alaska高速公里建成50年后的今天,这条路每年来往的车辆有40000辆。
 
30.Since prehistoric times, artists have been arranged colors on surfaces in ways that express their ideas about people,the world,and religion.
 
答案: have been: have
分析: 主被动混淆,主语是artists, 是人, 是动作arrange的发出者, 这里需要主动语态。
参考译文:自从远古时代以来, 艺术家们就安排使用色彩和面来表达他们对人, 世界和宗教的观点。
 
31. Few substances look less alike than coal and diamonds, yet both are fashioned from same elemental carbon.
 
答案: from same: from the same
分析: 没有划线的部分是正确的, 既然是look 复数, 那么主语的复数也是正确的。 The是放在专有名词前面的定冠词, 在此处不可省略。same 前面总是加the 的.
参考译文: 很少有物质如同石墨和钻石这样, 看起来一点不像, 但是却来自同一元素种炭。
 
32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure, increase cloud cover, and rising humidity.
 
答案: increase: increasing 分析: 并列成分falling…, increasing…, rising核心是名词并列pressure, cover and humidity, increase是动词原形, 不能作为定语修饰, falling, rising都是分词, 可以作定语。
参考译文:气象学家能够编程序计算特殊结构的天气标准数据, 例如降低的大气压力, 升高的云层覆盖, 和升高的湿度。
 
33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.
 
答案:crystallized: crystallize
分析: to do sth不定式的用法, to永远不能直接加过去分词。
参考译文:黑熠石是含硅的岩浆急速冷却结晶形成的石头状的矿物。
 
34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.
 
答案: miles forests: miles of forests
分析: 名词之间的连接用of 表示修饰从属关系
参考译文:北美的欧洲定居者从大西洋迁移了3000英里, 经过森林, 草地, 沙漠和山脉, 终于来到了太平洋。
 
35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.
 
答案:true: truth
分析:名词并列truth and knowledge
参考译文:哲学家试图发现真实和知识的性质, 找到基本价值和生活中重要的东西是什么。
 
36.In this world of high technology, it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.
 
答案: tools: tool
分析: 谓语是is, 主语要用单数tool
参考译文: 在当今的高科技社会中, 人们常常忘记古往今来最重要的学习工具仍然是书本。
 
37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.
 
答案:percentage: percent
分析:percent的用法 ten percent of sth
参考译文:钾元素占人体成分的0.5%不到。
 
38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.
 
答案:which: in which
分析:定语从句的用法, 还原:the cities of Vancouver and Juneau are located in the coastal region. 注意B的用法是对的, 类似ten years old, five meter tall
参考译文:两万年前, 一层厚度为1000 英尺的冰层覆盖着海边的区域, 这个区域如今是Vancouver 和 Juneau市座落的地方。
 
39.The Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.
 
答案:they: their 分析: 人称代词和物主代词的混淆
参考译文:Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux三个部落用彩色的而且很昂贵的珠子来装饰他们的住处和民族服装。
 
40. In the late 1800’s, United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad, powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.
 
答案:develop: developed
分析: 过去时态, 时间很明显是In the late 1800’s, 过去的时间。
参考译文:在19世纪, 美国画家Thomas Eakins创造出一种宽阔的, 强有力的现实主义的风格, 该风格基本成为他晚些年代作品的表现手法。
全新勤学 敬请期待
相关热门推荐
© www.kingxue.com