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2002年08月托福语法全真题及答案

1. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the university.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories
 
答案: D
分析:本句缺少主语及谓语,因此只有选D
考察:主谓关系
参考译文: 在过去的一百年里,有很多理论被用来尝试着解释宇宙的起源.
难度:1
 
2. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a similar
interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than
 
答案: B
分析:句型the same as ,故选B
考察:短语搭配。
参考译文: 金星与地球的大小和质量几乎相同,它们有着相同的内部结构,包含一个镍铁地核.
难度:1
 
3. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture research
in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of
 
答案: A
分析:总看全句缺少谓语。只有选A
考察:主谓结构。
参考译文: George Washington Carver赢得了国际的声誉是因为他在20世纪初期在美国南部进
行农业研究的改革。
难度:1
 
4. Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time was done in order to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building
 
答案: C
分析:逗号前面是状语,后面was是谓语,缺少主语,因此选C。
考察:主谓搭配。
参考译文: 在旧石器时代隧道的修建是为了延伸天然的洞穴,形成了早期的工程技术之一.
难度:1
 
5. The tulip tree is native to the eastern United States, _____ the tallest and largest broadleaf
tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where
 
答案: B
分析:全句话已经有了主谓语了,后面是一个定语从句,由where引导。而后面的定语从句缺少
主谓,故排除A ,选B。
参考译文: 郁金香树是原产于美国东部, 在那里它们最高最大的阔叶树。
难度:1
 
6. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______ arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects
 
答案: C
分析:结构such as。其中间可以添加名词。而in 要与前面的联系起来。as后面的是举例。
考察:such as 结构。
参考译文: 美国的初级学校提供正式的教育像基础科目如数学, 科学, 社会学和沟通技巧
(包括读,写,拼,说)
难度:1
 
7. ______ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin from
Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1865.
(A) By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
(C) For the government to grant
(D) Government grants so that
 
答案: B
分析:本句缺少主语。enabled是谓语。 因此只能选B
考察:主谓结构与名词搭配。
参考译文: 政府准许的土地与资金使得1865年从依阿华的Council Bluffs开始的铁路的建造成
为可能.
难度:1
 
8. Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts ____ by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(A) making
(B) to make
(C) are made
(D) have made
 
答案: C
分析:本句子缺少谓语。故排除AB。又根据句意思要用被动。故选择C。
考察:句意思。主谓搭配。
参考译文: 美国总统必须根据参议院的建议和同意来任命最高法院和所有下级的联邦法院.
难度:2
 
9. The name “squirrel” is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in
trees, _____ it is equally accurate for ground dwelling types.
(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of
 
答案: C
分析:全句有两个分句。故应该中间有一个连词相连。故选C。 A意思不合题意。
考察:连词的运用。
参考译文: 尽管它们是在地上生活的物种,但名字squirrel被广泛用于指代生活在树上的
Sciuridae家族.
难度:1
 
10. Green plants combine _____ with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
(A) energy derived from light
(B) energy, derived it from light
(C) energy is derived from light
(D) from light, and energy derived
 
答案: A
分析:全句已经有了主谓,故排除BC。而combine是及物动词,后面要有宾语。排除D 选A 后
面的derived it from light是后置定语。
考察:及物动词的用法。主谓的判别。
参考译文: 绿色植物把从阳光得到的能量与水和二氧化碳结合起来来制造养分.
难度1
 
11. From the archeologist’s perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and requires ______ of earlier cultures.
(A) the ruins examined
(B) examining the ruins
(C) of the ruins to be examined
(D) that the examined ruins
 
答案: B
分析:短语:require doing . 而of 前面一般要加名词. ACD都不符合.故选B.
考察:of 的用法, require doing结构.
参考译文: 考古学家的观点认为, 对过去的了解是重要的而且需要考察早期文化的遗迹。
难度:2
 
12. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
(B) as the state’s poet laureate
(C) the state’s poet laureate
(D) become the state’s poet laureate
 
答案: C
分析:全句子已经有了主语谓语(selected.). 又select后面可以跟双宾语. 所以后面要加一个名词.故选C
考察:双宾语结构.
参考译文: 德克萨斯州的立法机关于己于1982选Vassar MilleR作为本州的诗人荣誉称号获得者,并且他在1988年再次获得此称号.
难度:2
 
13. The distinguishing feature of a fluid, in contrast to a solid, is the ease _____ .
(A) that a deformed fluid
(B) to deform a fluid
(C) when a fluid that is deformed
(D) with which a fluid may be deformed
 
答案: D
分析:整个句子已经有主谓.故后面要加修饰成分.A 的定语从句里没有主谓.B没有此用法.
C错的原因与A一样. D为最佳答案.D的which指代ease.
考察:定语从句结构.
参考译文:流体的特征,与固体相比便是流体的形式能被更容易地破坏。
难度:2
 
14. Oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s tissues ____ from the blood through the capillary wall.
(A) pass
(B) by passing
(C) to be passing
(D) have passed
 
答案: B
分析:句子本身有主谓,A, D选项里有动词,不对。C to表示目的,句义不通,而且也不能用to
be passing,,by doing通过什么样的方法,手段达到什么目的的意思。
参考译文: 氧气和养分通过血液经由毛细管壁到达体内器官。
难度:1
 
15. _____ important development of the Neolithic age was not in the manufacture of stone tools but in the production of food.
(A) The most
(B) Most
(C) Most of
(D) Of the most
 
答案: A
分析:最高级前通常要加THE .
考察:THE 的用法.
参考译文: 新石器时代的最重要的发展,不是石头工具的制造,而是食物的生产。
难度:1
 
16. By 1899 Ransom olds had establish in Detroit, Michigan, the first factory in the United States for the manufacture of automobiles.
 
答案:B
分析: 完成时态的用法. 应该是结构have/had done.
改正: establishàestablished.
参考译文:到1899年, Ransom olds在Michigan的 Detroit建立了美国的第一个汽车建造工厂.,
难度: 1
 
17. The progressive Movement is an umbrella tern refer to a number of reform efforts that emerged in the early 1900’s.
 
答案: A
分析: 前面已经有了is当谓语,后面就不应该有谓语动词, 应该用非谓语动词的分词做定语,这里
用现在分词表主动.
改正:refer à referring
参考译文:渐进运动是20世纪初一系列改革措施的代名词。
难度: 1
 
18. The pelican is a water bird with a large pouch attached to its bill, which it uses as a scoop for catch small fish.
 
答案: D
分析: for doing结构 , 后面是catch 所以应该用to catch, 同样表目的.
改正: for à to
参考译文: 塘鹅是一种有一个与它们的嘴相连的袋子的水鸟,它们把它用做捕捉小鱼的铲子。
难度: 1
 
19. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate glass, and steel in the mid-1800’s
was enabled architects to design and build extremely tall constructions, or “skyscrapers.”
答案: A
分析: 结构enable to do …并没有 be enabled to do. 所以去掉was.
改正: was enabled à enabled
参考译文: 19世纪中叶钢筋混凝土和加厚玻璃和钢材的发明使建筑师能设计和建造极高的的建
筑物或摩天大楼。
难度: 2
 
20. Acoustics, the study of sounds, is one of the oldest of the physically sciences.
 
答案:D
分析: 修饰名词一般用形容词.
改正: physically à physical.
参考译文: 声学,研究声音的学科,是最早的物理学科之一。
难度: 1
 
21.Each of functions of the body, even thinking, requires the expenditure of energy.
 
答案: A
分析: each of 后面一定要有限定词.
改正:of functionsà of the functions
参考译文: 每一项身体的功能,甚至思考,都需要能量的消耗。
难度: 3
 
22.Gourds were introduced to what is now the southwestern United States by earliest peoples who migrated north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
 
答案:B
分析: 形容词的最高级前面通常需要加the.
改正: earliest à the earliest
参考译文: 葫芦由大约7000年前从中美洲北向迁移的早期人类带到了现今为美国西南部的区
域。
难度: 2
 
23. The economic heart of Canada, Ontario accounts for more than 40 percentage of the nation’s productive capacity.
 
答案: C
分析: 相近词意思的误用, percentage指代的是百分比, 明显与句意思不符.
改正: percentageàpercent .
参考译文: 加拿大的经济中心,安大略拥有全国百分之四十以上的生产能力。
难度: 2
 
24. Virtually all parts moving of an automobile need to be lubricated because, without lubrication, friction would increase power consumption and damage the parts.
 
答案: A
分析: 动名词moving修饰名词应该放在修饰名词的前面.
改正:parts moving à moving parts
参考译文: 事实上,汽车的所有运动的部件都需要润滑,因为没有润滑,摩擦就会增加能量的
损耗和损坏部件。
难度: 2
 
25. Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on society as the rapid grow of electronics.
 
答案: D
分析: OF 前面通常要加名词.
改正:growàgrowth.
参考译文: 很少有和电子学的快速发展一样的技术进步能对社会产生那么大的影响。
难度: 1
 
26. The North American Review, a magazine was first published in 1815, was one of the leading literary journals of the past woe centuries.
 
答案: A
分析: 根据主句单一原则, 整个句子有两个was明显错误.
改正: magazine wasà magazine which was.
参考译文: 北美评论,一部创刊于1815年的杂志,是过去的悲哀的世纪的最主要的文学刊物之
一。
难度: 1
 
27. Fuel is any substance or material that reacts chemically with another substance or material to produce hot.
 
答案: D
分析: produce后面加名词.
改正: hot à heat.
参考译文:燃料就是任何一种能和其他物质或材料发生化学反应产生热的物质或材料。
难度: 1
 
28. Glint was a favored material of prehistoric humans, which used it to make tools and weapons, because it would chip into shapes with sharp edges.
 
答案: B
分析: which指代的是humans, 指人应该用who .
改正:whichà who.
参考译文: 打火石是一种史前人类常用的物质,人们用它来制造工具或武器,因为它削成碎片
的时候带有利刃。
难度: 2
 
29. Mutiny of a ship’s crew against the captain signifies the breakdown of the obedience and discipline required to deal effectively to perils at eat.
 
答案: D
分析: 固定用法 deal with
改正: to à with .
参考译文: 船员反对船长的的叛变说明了在有效应对困难的时候所必须的服从和纪律的崩溃。
难度: 1
 
30. Of all the art-related reference and research library in North America, that of the Metropolitan Museum of a Art in New York City is among the largest and most complete.
 
答案:A
分析: 单数可数名词不能单独存在.
改正: library à libraries .
说明: 这种题很容易被忽略. 应该引起重视.
参考译文: 在北美所有与艺术有关的参考和研究的图书馆中,纽约的都市艺术博物馆
难度: 3
 
31. Acclimatization is the process by which an organism adjusts to living in an environment to which it normally unsuited.
 
答案: D
分析: 首先B中的to living 没有错。adjust to+ 名词或adjust to doing是固定搭配。
to which引导的是定语从句,这个从句中缺少谓语,unsuited 是个形容词不能做谓语,
因此选D,划线处缺少be动词。
改正: it normally àit is normally.
参考译文: 环境适应性是生物调整以适应他们通常不习惯生活的环境的过程。
难度: 3
 
32. Glaciers, mass of ice that flow outward from ice caps, cover about one-tenth of earth’s land area.
 
答案: A
分析: ice是不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结
构或一些特定的限定词.
改正: mass à the mass
参考译文: 冰河,从冰盖表面向外流出的大量冰层,覆盖了地球十分之一的陆地面积。
难度: 2
 
33. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on such simply compounds as alcohol.
 
答案:C
分析: 修饰名词一般要用形容词.
改正: simplyà simple.
参考译文: 一些种类的细菌和真菌在如酒精一样的化合物中大量繁殖。
难度: 1
 
34. In 1923 Alice Paul began campaign to promote the adoption of an amendment to the United States Constitution mandating equal rights for women.
 
答案:A
分析: 单数可数名词不能单独存在。campaign是可数名词。前面应该有一个限定词。
改正:began campaign à began her campaign。
参考译文:1923年Alice Paul 开始了促使要求妇女的平等权利被写入美国宪法的活动。
难度: 3
 
35. Perhaps more than any other United States city, San Francisco is a collection of neighborhood.
 
答案: D
分析: 单数可数名词不能单独存在。neighborhood是可数名词。
改正: neighborhoodà neighborhoods。
参考译文:可能San Francisco 比其他任何一个美国城市多出的地方便在于它是临近城市的集合
体。
难度:3
 
36. Almost every the hereditary material of an individual organism resides in the chromosomes.
 
答案: A
分析: every是形容词 后面的不能接the,这里应该用不定代词。
改正: every à each of。
参考译文: 几乎每个生物个体的遗传物质都在染色体上。
难度: 2
补充知识点every 和each的区别
1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语。
5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。
6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
 
37. Only with early seventeenth-century observers did the music of the original inhabitants of the United States and Canada entered recorded history.
 
答案:D
分析: 本句话是一个以only开头的倒装句。中间有了did,故后面的谓语动词应该用原型。
改正: enteredàenter。
参考译文: 直到17世纪早期观察家们才把美国和加拿大原住民的音乐列入已经记录的历史中。
难度:2
 
38. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most important reasons for their success is their well-developed sensory system.
 
答案: A
分析:使用最高级时,修饰的名词一般要用单数。
改正: featuresàfeature。
参考译文: 可能鲨鱼最与众不同的特点和毫无疑问他们成功的最主要的原因之一便是他们有高
度发达的感官系统。
难度: 2
 
39. The major economic activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, include transportation, chemicals, tourism, but governmental activities.
 
答案: D
分析: include是及物动词,因此后面并列的都应该是名词,而且并列的连词应该用and。
改正:butàand。
参考译文: 怀俄明的主要经济活动包括运输,化学,旅游和政府活动。
难度:2
 
40. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar Allan Poe is among the most familiar of American writers and one of the most enigmatic.
 
答案: A
分析:前面的是同位语,都是指代的人,而poetry是诗的意思。
改正:poetry àpoet
难度:2
参考译文: 小说家,诗人,批评家Edgar Allan Poe 是美国最为人所知又最高深莫测的作家。
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