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1999年10月托福语法全真题及答案

1. Fingerprints form an unchangeable signature, and ______ for identification, despite
changes in the individual’s appearance or age.
(A) the use of fingerprint records
(B) with the use of fingerprint records
(C) when fingerprint records are used
(D) fingerprint records can be used
 
答案:D
分析:A 指纹无法form use,and引导的并列成分是unchangeable signature和use; B,
D找不到并列成分;D and连接两个句子。
参考译文:虽然一个人的外貌和年龄会改变,但是指纹能构成不可更改的签名,而且
指纹记录还可以用作鉴定。
 
2. Animals obtain their energy from _______ .
(A) eat their food
(B) their food to eat
(C) the food they eat
(D) they eat the food
 
答案:C
分析:空格中应该填上介词from的宾语。A eat是动词原型,肯定不对;B to eat 不
对,这里无法用主动形式表达被动;D是一个完整的句子;C they eat做food的定语,
省略了that, 正确。
参考译文:动物从它们所吃的食物中摄取能量。
 
3. Liquid water has fewer hydrogen bonds than ice; so more molecules can occupy the same
space, making liquid water ______ than ice.
(A) more dense
(B) is more dense
(C) more than dense
(D) as more dense
 
答案:A
分析:这里用到make sb(sth) adj.的形式,并且后面有than前面一定要有比较级,
很容易选出正确答案A。用排除法也很好做:B make 和is谓语重复;C than重复;
D as一般和形容词原型搭配,并且和than 也不构成搭配
参考译文:液态水比冰的水分子的结合力小,所以在同样大小的空间中有更多的分子
占据,使得液态水比冰的密度大。
 
4. It is difficult for present-day readers ______Sister Carrie was withdrawn from
circulation at the turn of the century.
(A) to understand the novel why
(B) why to understand the novel
(C) the novel to understand why
(D) to understand why the novel
 
答案:D
分析:A 使得understand 有两个宾语,而这里有不符合双宾语的情况;B从句中
“理解被撤出”逻辑不对;C逻辑也不对;只有D why引导宾语从句正确。
参考译文:当今的读者很难理解为什么嘉丽妹妹这本书为什么在世纪之交(19,20)
的时候被撤出发行。
 
5. Historical linguists study ______ over time.
(A) languages evolve
(B) whether languages evolution
(C) how languages evolve
(D) evolution that languages
 
答案:C
分析:A study和evolve谓语重复;B whether引导的宾语从句缺谓语;D that引导
的定语从句缺谓语;C how引导宾语从句形式正确。
参考译文:历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着事件演变的。
 
6. Tennis star Chris Evert, who retired from the game after eighteen years, perhaps _____
more than anyone to make women’s professional tennis a widely respected career.
(A) who did
(B) has done
(C) and doing
(D) to do
 
答案:B
分析:浏览全句,主句缺谓语,选项中只有B是谓语形式。
参考译文:网球明星Chris Evert,在18岁以后退役,可能比其他任何人为促使
女性专业网球成为广受尊重的职业做的贡献都多。
 
7. The daytime _____ bright because the Earth’s atmosphere scatters sunlight.
(A) while sky is
(B) has a sky
(C) sky is
(D) for the sky
 
答案:C
分析:主句中没有谓语,A,D都使得主句缺谓语不完整;B sky bright搭配错误;
C语义逻辑均正确。
参考译文:白天的天空是亮的,是因为地球的大气散射阳光。
 
8. Edward Hopper’s paintings portray the loneliness and isolation of the individuals _____.
(A) is in an urbanized society
(B) in society is urbanized
(C) who in an urbanized society
(D) in an urbanized society
 
答案:D
分析:A ,B中均有谓语词,语句中谓语重复;C从句缺谓语;D正确,介词短语做
宾语individual的补语。
参考译文:Edward Hopper的绘画描绘了城市化的社会中个人的寂寞和孤独。
 
9. Braille, _____ printing reading materials for use by people who are blind, consists
of a system of raised points or dots that are read by touch.
(A) is a method of
(B) a method of
(C) which a method of
(D) a method is of
 
答案:B
分析:句子前后主谓均完整,中间要末是同位语,要末是从句,要末是其他独立成
份。A, D使得谓语重复;C从句中无谓语;B做同位语,符合题义。值得注意的是,
在TOEFL语法的考点中,同位语在填空题中经常会出现。第一个逗号前面是主语,
第二个逗号后面是谓语,中间部分经常需填入同位语成份。
参考译文:Braille(布莱叶盲文),一种让盲人能够使用的阅读材料印制方法,包括
一个能够通过触摸阅读的由突起的尖和圆点构成的体系。
 
10. The art of landscape architecture is almost as old ______ of architecture itself.
(A) as that
(B) than
(C) as
(D) than that
 
答案:A
分析:考点: as .. as;that指代的指代。先排除B, D 因为as 不能与than搭配;
C as 不能与of衔接,of前后都应该是名词,除非一些固定短语。
参考译文:园林建筑技术几乎和建筑本身的技术一样古老.
 
11. The development of synthetic fibers after 1940 led to the production of new types
of fabrics _____ more durable and easier to care for.
(A) that they were
(B) that were
(C) were
(D) and were
 
答案:B
分析:A that在其引导的定语从句中要做成份,这里they多余;C were和lead
谓语重复;D 主语是the development为单数形式,这里的谓语为复数形式,而且
句义也不通。
参考译文:1940年后合成纤维的发展带来了的更耐久更异于护理的新型织物投产。
 
12. Until the eighteenth century, charcoal was _____ used in blast furnaces, as well as in
glassmaking, blacksmithing, and metalworking.
(A) what the chief fuel
(B) the chief fuel that
(C) the chief fuel was
(D) the chief fuel
 
答案:D
分析:A, B都是语态错误,应该用被动语态;C was和was谓语重复; D 名词短语做
表语, 过去分词后置修饰它。
参考译文:直到18世纪,木炭一直是风鼓火炉、玻璃制造,锻造,和金属加工的
主要燃料。
 
13. Pure iron cannot be hardened by heating and cooling, as _____, because iron lacks the
necessary carbon.
(A) steel it can
(B) can steel
(C) with steel can
(D) so can steel
 
答案:B
分析: A如果as做介词,那么it can多余,如果做连词句子应该倒装,并且无论
如何steel和it都是重复的成分;C with多余,无论as做介词和连词它都无法担任
成分; D so 多余; B 主谓倒装,正确。
参考译文:纯铁无法象钢一样通过加热和冷却来硬化,因为铁缺少必要的炭成分。
 
14. Rapids and waterfalls, ______ along virtually all Massachusetts waterways, provided
power in colonial times for grist and saw mills and later for textile mills.
(A) common
(B) were common
(C) which, being common
(D) being common, were
 
答案:A
分析:句子前后主谓均完整,中间要末是同位语,要末是从句,要末是其他独立成
份。B, D都使得谓语重复;C从句成分不完整,无谓语;A 省略being,这个部分
做插入语,正确。
参考译文:急流和瀑布在马萨诸塞水路沿线很常见,在殖民时代为碾谷和锯木以及
后来的织造工厂提供了动力。
 
15. Airsickness is produced by a disturbance of the inner car, ______ psychogenic
factors, such as fear, also play a part.
(A) in spite of
(B) neither
(C) nor
(D) although
 
答案:D
分析:前面主句完整,空格后面也有完整的主谓语,一定是从句,四个选项中只有
D可以引导从句。A in spite of是介词;B, C也都不能引导从句。
参考译文:晕机是因为机舱里面的颠簸造成的,虽然心理遗传因素诸如恐惧等也有
一定原因。
 
16. A large collections of materials focused on Louisiana’s history and culture is provided by the Williams Reseach Center in New Orleans.
 
答案:A
分析:a后面肯定是跟名词的单数形式, 这个简单的问题也是TOEFL常考的考点之一。
改正:collectionsàcollection
参考译文:关于路易斯安娜州的历史和文化的一大批材料是由新奥尔良的W研究
中心提供的。
 
17. Mary Austin’s first book, The Land of little Rain, a description of desert life in the western United States, won she immediate fame in 1903.
 
答案:C
分析:看到代词划线就要特别注意,做宾语当然应该用宾格。win sb sth表示为某
人赢得某事物,双宾语。
改正:sheàher
参考译文:MA的第一本书《没有雨的陆地》于1903年快速的为她赢得了声誉,
这本书描写了美国西部的沙漠生活。
 
18. The most abundant phosphate mineral, apatite, includes several type that vary in their content of fluorine, chlorine, or hydroxyl ions.
 
答案:B
分析:several后跟名词复数形式,经常会考到的还有:many, a number of 等等。
改正:typeàtypes
参考译文:最丰富的磷酸盐矿石磷灰石包括好几种类型,氟离子、氯离子和羟基离子
的含量各不相同。
 
19.Having gained a reputation as a daring, intrepid journalist, Nellie Bly became the first female report assigned to the Eastern front during the First World War.
 
答案:C
分析:将职业与从事职业的人混淆,也时常考的,比如,photograph和photography,
poem和poet等等,大家做题时候可以自己总结。
改正:reportàreporter
参考译文:在获得英勇无畏的记者声誉之后,NB成为一战期间第一位被派往东部前线
的女记者。
 
20. In 1862 Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act, allows settlers 160 acres of free land after they had worked it for five years.
 
答案:A
分析:A明显是谓语动词的形式,可是此句已经有谓语了,并且时态也不对。
改正:allowsàallowing
参考译文:1862年,林肯签署了宅地法案,允许在耕作满5年时,定居可以拥有160
英亩未被占有的土地的所有权。
 
21. Alone with the other physical sciences, meteorology has developed in the past three centuries from myth and folklore to rigorous observation, computation, analyze.
 
答案:D
分析:考点并列结构,在看到并列结构中的一项或几项划线时,一定要引起注意。
这里并列项都应该是名词性的。
改正:analyzeàanalysis
参考译文:气象学家在过去的三个世纪中同其它自然科学一起从神话和民间传说
发展到严密的观察、计算和分析。
 
22. In 1973 the United States armed forces were placed on an all-volunteer basis for a first time since 1984.
 
答案:C
分析:序数词first前加冠词the。
改正:aàthe
参考译文:1973年美国军队是自1948年以来首次建立在全自愿的基础上。
 
23. Because lions do not have exceptional speedy, they must rely on the element of surprise for the hunt.
 
答案:A
分析:宾语应该是名词。
改正:speedyàspeed
参考译文:由于不具备特别快的速度,狮子必须依靠突然袭击的手段捕食。
 
24. The position of the earth’s magnetic poles is not constant but shows an appreciable change after year to year.
 
答案:D
改正:afteràfrom
分析:搭配错误。
参考译文:地球磁极的位置并非持久不变的,而是年年都会有可察觉到的变化。
 
25. Grassland vegetation reduces competition for water among species by concentrates roots at different levels.
 
答案:C
分析:看到by就应该很快联想到表示方式或者是被动语态,很明显这里是表方式,
用动名词。从另一个角度讲,句中有两个谓语也无法解释。
改正:concentratesàconcentrating
参考译文:草原植物的根聚集在不同的土层上,缓解了各物种之间对于水的竞争。
 
26. Like the giant reptiles, most lineages of organisms have eventually become extinct; still some exist that have changed very little in millions of year.
 
答案:D
分析:数词加of 后跟名词的复数形式。
改正:yearàyears
参考译文:像大型爬行类动物一样,大多数种类的生物已经最终灭绝了;尽管如此,
某些千万年中变化很小的物种仍然继续存在。
 
27. Demonstrations public are an effective means by which advocacy groups can bring inequalities to the attention of local, state and federal officials.
 
答案:A
分析:形容词修饰名词应该在名词的前面。
改正:Demonstrations publicàpublic demonstrations
参考译文:公开讲演是助选小组用来引起对地方、州和联邦官员们关注的倾斜的一种
有效手段。
 
28. Methods used in preparing articles for an encyclopedia differs, depending on the length of the article.
 
答案:B
分析:主谓语单复数的一致是TOEFL常考的,这里的主语是methods.
改正:differsàdiffer
参考译文:为百科全书准备文章的方法各不相同,它取决于文章的长度。
 
29. Since the advent of rock music in the 1950’s the popular music of the United States has become a significant musical influence around world.
 
答案:D
分析:world应加冠词the表特指。
改正:Around worldàaround the world
参考译文:自从20世纪50年代摇滚音乐出现以来,美国流行音乐已经对世界各地音
乐方面产生了重大影响。
 
30. Cloud droplets and ice crystals first form on certain types of small particles of dust or another airborne materials.
 
答案:D
分析:经常考的,other + 名词复数;another + 名词单数
改正:anotheràother
参考译文:云滴和冰晶首先在某些类型的尘埃或其它空中物质的微小颗粒上形成。
 
31. Male fiddler crabs have huge claws that move back and forth similar violinists move their arms when playing the violin.
 
答案:B
分析:形容词similar 应该与to连用,并且这里用形容词不对,因为后面是一个主谓
成分完整的句子,应该用连词来引导。
改正:similaràas
参考译文:雄性招潮蟹有很大的爪,这些爪像小提琴家在演奏时移动自己的手臂那样
前后移动。
 
32. Daylight saving time came into useful in the United States in an effort to conserve electricity by having business hours correspond to the hours of natural daylight。
 
答案:B
分析:介词后面应该跟名词性的词或词组。
改正:usefulàuse
参考译文:通过实行工作时间和自然日光时间相一致来节省电力,夏时制在美国起用
了。
 
33. Almost every fruits and vegetables contain riboflavin; the richest sources are leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale, or turnip greens.
 
答案:A
分析:every后一般跟单数形式。并且almost经常与all连用,有时在改错题中会出现
all almost的错误形式。
改正:everyàall
参考译文:几乎所有水果和蔬菜含有核黄素,其最丰富的来源是绿叶蔬菜,如菠菜、
甘蓝、或芜菁类青菜。
 
34. Gold lends itself to the making of decorative articles because of its great resistant to corrosion and tarnish and its ease of working.
 
答案:D
分析:because of后跟名词性的词或词组。
改正:resistantàresistance
参考译文:由于黄金很强的抗腐蚀和失泽的性能并且容易加工,因此被用于制作装饰
品。
 
35. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the values of life in a coherent, systematic, and science manner.
 
答案:D
分析:and后应为与coherent,systematic并列的形容词,修饰manner。
改正:scienceàscientific
参考译文:伦理学是哲学的一个分支,它用一致、系统、科学的方法来研究人生的价
值。
 
36. Indiscriminately dumping of waste materials and inadequate sewage treatment are two serious causes of environmental pollution.
 
答案:A
分析:修饰名词dumping的应为形容词。
改正:indiscriminatelyàindiscriminate
参考译文:不分类的垃圾堆放和污水处理不力是造成环境污染的两个重要原因。
 
37. The builders of the variety ancient cliff ruins scattered throughout the canyons and mesas of the arid Southwest of the United States are known as the cliff dwellers.
 
答案:B
分析:variety和various是TOEFL语法中常考到的。Variety是名词,a variety of 是
固定短语;various是形容词,后面直接跟其所修饰的名词。
改正:varietyàvarious
参考译文:建造分散在美国干燥的西南部峡谷和台地的多种古代悬崖遗迹的人被称为
悬崖居民。
 
38. A fragrant plant has tiny sacs that makes and stores the substances that give it a pleasant odor.
 
答案:B
分析:从句中真正的主语是复数形式sacs。
改正:makes and storesàmake and store
参考译文:芳香植物有一些产生和储存使其发出香味物质的很小的囊。
 
39. Nomadic hunter and gatherer societies have access to only a limited amount of food in an area and moved on when they have exhausted each locality.
 
答案:C
分析:and连接并列成份,其连接的成分在形式上都应该一致。这里and表示move与
have并列。
改正:moved onàmove on
参考译文:从事狩猎和采集的游牧社群在一个地区只能获得有限的食物,因此,当他
们消耗掉每个地方的食物后便转移到另一个地方去。
 
40. Collagen, a strong rubbery protein, supports the earflaps and the tip of nose in humans.
 
答案:C
分析:nose 前少限定词; in human; 与in human beings都是对的。
改正:nose à the nose
参考译文:胶原是一种胶质蛋白质,它支撑人体的耳垂和鼻尖。
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