1. Classical logic is characterized by a concern for the structure and elements of argument____ that thought, language, and reality are interrelated.
(A) based on the belief
(B) on the belief based
(C) belief based on the
(D) the based belief on
答案:A
分析:用排除法,B, 如果后面是宾语从句的话,based后面应该加on; C,D名词之间无法衔接;只有A, 过去分词短语结构做后置定语,修饰argument正确。
参考译文:经典的逻辑是以注重论证的结构和元素为特征的,其论证基于思想、语言和现实是相互关联的信念。
2. Adult fleas_____ only blood and are external parasites of mammals and birds.
(A) eat
(B) having eaten
(C) that eat
(D) to eat
答案:A
分析:其实,and后面的并列谓语正给了我们提示,所以选复数的谓语形式A.
参考译文:成年的跳蚤只是吸血而且是哺乳动物和鸟类的外寄生虫。
3. Heat energy may be absorbed or released when_____ while work is done on or by the system.
(A) changes in the internal energy of a system
(B) by changing the internal energy of a system.
(C) the internal energy of a system that changes
(D) the internal energy of a system changes
答案:D
分析:主句完整,后面while引导的从句也完整,现在只要找出when引导的从句的主谓语即可,即D。 A无主语;B主谓语均无;C无谓语,且that造成语句混乱。
参考译文:当外部做功或者系统做功时,系统内部能量变化,热能会被吸收或者释放。
4. Metheods of measuring mass, time,and distance are _____ of human culture.
(A) among the oldest skills
(B) they are among the oldest skills
(C) what among the oldest skills
(D) the skills that among the oldest
答案:A
分析:浏览全句看到缺表语,并且空格后是一个of结构,of 前一定是名词,浏览四个选项,只有A符合,介词结构可以做表语并且最后是名词。其他选项B是一个完整的句子,没有引导词,谓语与本句谓语冲突;C, D都是从句形式但从句中都无谓语。
参考译文:测量质量、时间和距离的方法是人类文化中最古老的技能。
5. ______ they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.
(A) Why
(B) Although
(C) Even
(D) Nevertheless
答案:B
分析:第一个逗号后面明显是完整的主句,空格后面是一个完整的句子,预示着空格中很可能是一个从句引导词,C, D均不能引导从句,A又不符合题意。答案B引导让步状语从句。
参考译文:虽然有时候会单独出游,海豚通常是聚集成一大群,总是数以百计。
6. ______ plays an important part in commercial art , illustrating advertisements, textbooks,brochures, and articles in magazines and periodicals.
(A) Drawing and
(B) Because drawing
(C) Drawing, which
(D) Drawing
答案:D
分析:审题,缺单数的主语只有D符合。
参考译文:在广告艺术、图片广告、教科书、宣传册和杂志期刊的文章中,图画有着很重要的作用。
7. Goldfinches build compact _______ nests, which they line with soft vegetable down.
(A) shaped like a cup
(B) cup-shaped
(C) cup shapes
(D) shape of a cup
答案:B
分析:这里所缺的成分应该是用来修饰名词nests的,A, C, D后面都是名词无法和名词nests衔接, C形容词符合要求。
参考译文:金翅雀建造结构严密的杯状巢穴,在其底部它们放置柔软的植物。
8. Louisa May Alcott published her first book, Flower Fables _____ of fairy tales, in 1854.
(A) which a collection
(B) a collection was
(C) a collection
(D) in which a collection
答案:C
分析:A, D从句中都无谓语; B谓语与句中谓语冲突;C正确,做同位语。
参考译文:Louisa May Alcott 1854年出版了她的第一本书,花之传奇是一部神话故事的文集。
9. ______ understanding of weather and its variability, it has been difficult to prove that weather can be controlled.
(A) Since incomplete
(B) Because of incomplete
(C) Incomplete
(D) Why is incomplete
答案:B
分析:逗号后面是完整的主句,A中since引导的从句中无谓语;C不是独立成份,逗号前面部分缺少和后面主句进行连接的连词成分或者介词;D, 语序不正确;B原因状语,空格后面的名词词组做介词宾语,符合要求。
参考译文:因为对于天气及其变化性的了解不够完全,证明天气可控一直是件困难的事情。
10. Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Program included ______ designed to provide relief and counteract the effects of the economic depression that had begun in 1929.
(A) measures were temporary
(B) in temporary measures
(C) temporary and measures
(D) temporary measures
答案:D
分析:空格中应是宾语,选项中只有D名词短语做宾语,符合要求。A were 和include谓语重叠;B include是及物动词,不用加in;C temporary 和 measures一个是形容词一个是名词不是并列成分不能用and连接。
参考译文:富兰克林罗斯福的新政包括专为缓解和抵制1929年开始的经济萧条带来的影响而设计的临时政策。
11. Current health guidelines recommend that people restrict their consumption_______.
(A) foods of high in fat
(B) of foods in fat high
(C) of foods high in fat
(D) in foods high of fat
答案:C
分析:先排除A, D; B, C中只有B语序对。
参考译文:现行的健康指导推荐人们控制对那些高脂肪食品的消费。
12. Walt Whitman originated a distinctive form of free verse that sets his work apart from_____ of all other poets.
(A) what
(B) that
(C) how
(D) it
答案:B
分析:先排除A, C因为后面应该跟从句,而这里是介词短语;D it 后面不能接of短语; B that指代form.
参考译文:Walt Whitman创造了他三篇散文一种突出的风格,使得他的作品显得异于其他诗人。
13. _____ economic change by investigating the fluctuations in the relationship between workers’ wages and their buying power.
(A) Economists gauging
(B) Economists gauge how
(C) Economists gauge
(D) Whenever economists gauge
答案:C
分析:这是一个简单句,句中缺主语和谓语,答案很明显。
参考译文:经济学家通过调查工人薪水和他们的购买能力之间关系的波动来衡量经济变动。
14. Although the many hours of summer sunshine in Canada’s Klondike region produce good vegetable crops, the long winters rarely permit ______.
(A) grain crops ripen
(B) grain crops are ripe
(C) the ripening of grain crops
(D) to ripen grain crops
答案:C
分析:这里考的是permit的用法,permit是及物动词,要末直接接宾语,要末permit sb to do。A后面跟 名词+过去分词 没有这种用法,肯定不对;B 谓语冲突;D这里没有sb, 后面直接加不定式也没有这种用法;只有B名词词组做宾语符合要求。
参考译文:虽然加拿大Klondike地区夏天的长时间日照使其盛产优良的蔬菜作物,但其漫长的冬季却很少能让谷物成熟。
15. Tools, a workshop, and some storage space were ______ for early experiments in aviation.
(A) required all that
(B) all that was required
(C) all the requirements that
(D) such that all the requirements
答案:B
分析:A be required是被动式和整句的逻辑、语义不符
B all做主句表语,that引导定语从句
C that定语从句后面主谓不完整,不能构成从句
D such在这里是形容词后面
参考译文:工具,一个作坊,一些储存空间就是早期的航空试验所需要的所有条件。
16. A major railroad junction in Illinois, Decatur has became an important commercial hub for the region’s farm products and livestock.
答案:A
改正:becameàbecome
参考译文:Decatur 是Illinos的一个主要铁路中转站,它成为了该地区农产品和畜产品重要的交易中心。
17. People use muscles to make various movements, such as walk, jumping, or throwing.
答案:C
分析:并列成份应该一致。
改正:walkàwalking
参考译文:人们用肌肉去做各种运动,比如走、跳、投等。
18. Emily Dickinson unmistakenly fixed her own highly individually and revolutionary personality in her elliptical and provocative poems.
答案:B
分析:与上题一样,这道题考得也是并列结构,and前后的成分都是修饰名词personality的,所以应该用形容词形式。
改正:individuallyàindividual
参考译文:Emily Dickinson非常正确地将她自己高度个性化和革命性的人格融入她简约而激动人心的诗当中。
19. The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones of difference size and shapes.
答案:C
分析:名词前面的定语,可以是形容词也可以是名词,当有形容词的时候就不用其名词形式。
改正:differenceàdifferent
参考译文:人的骨骼由206块大小形状不同的骨头组成。
20. One of the earliest strike in United States history occurred in 1740 when bakers refused to work until their wages were increased.
答案:A
分析:one of +noun pl. 在托福语法中是经常会考到的,大家应该养成这样的习惯,看到one of…就一定要找到后面的名词,看看是否是复数形式。
改正:strikeàstrikes
参考译文:美国历史上最早的一次罢工在1740年发生,那时候面包师们拒绝工作直到提高他们的薪水。
21. Count Basie’s distinctive piano style and band arrangements of the late 1930’s earned his an important place in jazz history.
答案:C
分析:这里是做earn的宾语,用宾格
改正:hisàhim
参考译文:二十世纪30年代晚期Count Basie具有特色的钢琴风格和乐队安排,为他赢得了爵士历史上重要的地位。
22. The wide range of elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains allows for the great diverse of plant life found there.
答案:C
分析:of前后都应该是名词,一些固定的特殊用法除外。而且在这里,做for的宾语也应该是名词。
改正:diverseàdiversity
参考译文:the southern Appalachian Mountains的海拔的范围很宽使得那里的植物种类繁多。
23. Four huge shield volcanoes have been observed on Mars, as well as a great number of small ones like found those on the Earth.
答案:D
分析:语序问题也是TOEFL语法常考的项目,这里those 指代volcanoes做介词like的宾语,found做它的补语
改正:found thoseàthose found
参考译文:在火星发现了四个巨大的盾形火山,还有大量的同地球上发现的小火山相似的火山。
24. The 1897 discover of gold in the Klondike hastened the commercial development of Washington State, as did the increasing trade with Pacific Islands.
答案:A
分析:of前面应该用名词。
改正:discoveràdiscovery
参考译文:1897年在Klondike发现了黄金,加速了华盛顿州的商业发展和太平洋诸岛的贸易增长。
25. The Saint Lawrence River is young relatively by geological standards, as it was founded during the last ice age.
答案:B
分析:又是一个语序问题。
改正:young relativelyàrelatively young
参考译文:从地质标准来看Saint Lawrence河是相对年轻的,因为它是在上个冰河纪中形成的。
26. With the ability produce and control fire, early humans could make heat and light and could cook foods that were difficult to eat raw.
答案:A
分析:with短语中不可能有动词出现,所以A肯定是错的。ability后面+to do表示目的
改正:produceà to produce
参考译文:早期的人类具有制造和控制火的能力,能够制造热和光,烹煮那些不能生吃的食品。
27. Only the female and the worker wasps are equipped with a sting, which they use it to attack their prey or to protect themselves against enemies.
答案:C
分析:which 引导的定于从句中,which 在句中是做成份的,做主语或者宾语。这里是做宾语,所以it在这里多余。
改正:去掉it
参考译文:只有雌性黄蜂和工蜂有针刺,用来攻击它们的猎物或者保护它们免受敌人攻击。
28. Compared with another breeds, quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over short courses.
答案:B
分析:other后面跟名词复数,another后面跟名词单数,是TOEFL语法中常考的。
改正:anotheràother
参考译文:和其他品种相比,quarter horses能更快速地启动,转弯更敏捷,在短距离内跑得更快。
29. Stars emit radio waves, which they may be detected and studied using radio telescopes.
答案:B
分析:定语从句中which在句中充当主语或者宾语。这里从句是被动语态不可能有宾语,所以which应该充当的是主语,那末they多余。
改正:which theyàwhich
参考译文:星体发射无线电波,这些电波可以通过无线电望远镜观测和研究。
30. A glider is a type of aircraft resembling an airplane but often having not means of propulsion at all.
答案:D
分析:means是名词应该用形容词来修饰。TOEFL语法中经常会考到no, not, none的用法。No是形容词性;not是副词;none是代词。但是当名词前面有限定词时经常用 not, 并且no能表示not+限定词的含义。
改正:not à no
参考译文:滑翔机是一种类似飞机但是通常根本没有推进设备的飞行器。
31. A patrilineal extended family consists of core group of males, their wives, and their unmarried daughters.
答案:B
分析:group是可数名词,应该有冠词修饰后用复数形式,这里未划线所以应加冠词。
改正:of core---of a core
参考译文:一个父系的家族,包括男性核心成员,他们的妻子及其未婚女儿。
32. Herons inhabit marshy areas of the shores along fresh or salt water which they find fishes, frogs, crustaceans, and other aquatic animals to eat.
答案:C
分析:从句中主语与宾语都齐全,就可以断定前面的不是关系代词而是关系副词。
改正:whichàwhere(in which)
参考译文:苍鹭生活在水域或者滩涂等潮湿地带的岸边,它们能够在那里捕食鱼类、蛙类、牡蛎及其他水生动物。
33. A computer program that communicates with the user solely by choices providing from interlinked menus is said to be menu-driven.
答案:C
分析:choice和provide之间是动宾关系,语序颠倒。
改正:choices providing---providing choices
参考译文:和用户之间的交流仅仅通过选择既定的联结起来的菜单,这种计算机程序称为菜单驱动的。
34. In the 1930’s few major orchestras in the United States hired woman, so many chose to perform in amateur musical groups as an alternative.
答案:B
分析:可数名词要末前面加冠词,要末用复数形式。这里从句中的many就指的是前面的women,所以用复数形式。
改正:womanàwomen
参考译文:在20世纪30年代很少大的管弦乐队雇佣女性,所以她们很多选择在业余乐队做替补演奏。
35. Complex spacecraft are characterized by a various of supporting systems including communications, guidance and navigation, altitude control, and, in some cases, life-support
systems.
答案:A
分析:various 与variety也是TOEFL中常考到的,题目中经常将两者混淆。
various是形容词,后面直接加名词;variety是名词 a variety of + noun是固定搭配。
改正:variousàvariety
参考译文:复杂的宇宙飞船以各种各样的保障系统为特征,包括通信、指导、导航、高度控制等,有时候还包括生命保障系统。
36. When a piano board is substituted for buttons on right side of an accordion, the instrument is known as a piano accordion.
答案:B
分析:on the right side固定搭配,表示方位左右的都要有the。
改正: on right ---on the right
参考译文:当钢琴的键被风琴右边的按钮取代,这种乐器就叫做钢琴式风琴。
37. Today’s lunar and solar eclipses can be predicted to within seconds of its occurrences, and interest in them is scientific as well as aesthetic.
答案:C
分析:看到代词就应该警惕,这里明显是指代前面的eclipses, 并且在代词之前并无单数名词出现,有时候这样判断可以省时间。
改正:itsàtheir
参考译文:现在,日月食都能被准确预测到它们发生的几秒钟内,其中的乐趣既是科学的又是美学的。
38. The windowless inner rooms of the Pueblo Bontio in New Mexico served for the storage of supplies, while the brighter outer rooms were using for living quarters.
答案:D
分析:be used to固定搭配。
改正:usingàused
参考译文:新墨西哥的Pueblo Bontio那些没有窗户的内部房间用来储藏收成的,而外面有光的房间是用来居住的。
39. Ultrasonic is concerned with sound vibrates or waves of a frequency above 20,000 cycles per second, the upper range audible to the human ear.
答案:A
分析:主句已有谓语is, vibrates这个动词明显错误。从以下两点也可以判断:1.这里明显是做with的宾语,应该用名词形式。2.小小的并列形式也可以给你提示,or前后都应该是一样的形式,划线部分应该和waves一样都是名词。
改正:vibratesàvibration
参考译文:超声波涉及振动频率在20,000次/秒以上的声音或者波,这是人类耳朵可听见的上限。
40. Freesia plants reach a height of two and one-half feet and thrive best at temperature of 50 degrees to 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
答案:D
分析:temperatures是可数名词,并且后面有50-60做限定定语,前面应该有冠词a。我们也可以从and连接的并列形式中得到启示(前面的a height…)。所以说并列形式不仅是TOEFL经常会考到的考点,在做题中它还经常可以给我们很多信息。
改正:temperature---a temperature
参考译文:Freesia plants可以长到2.5英尺高,并且在50-60华氏温度时长的最茂盛。