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1. Among the first plants to grow on the land regions of the Earth _____, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size
(A) were horsetail rushes
(B) horsetail rushes
(C) horsetail rushes were
(D) and horsetail rushes
答案：A
分析：浏览全句，后面是一从句，那么，逗号前面一定是主句。主句中介词短语among…在句首，所以用倒装句。B, D无谓语，且D中也无与and 并列的成分; C, were后无表语。
参考译文：马尾鞭草是最早生长在地球陆地上的植物之一，它们在史前时代能长得非常巨大。
2. Unlike fossil fuels, which can be used only once, wind and solar power _____of energy.
(A) for renewable sources
(B) the sources are renewable
(C) are renewable sources
(D) renewable sources
答案：C
分析：浏览全句，得知句中缺谓语，排除A, D。B, wind and solar power与the sources无法连接，故选C。
参考译文：与只可利用一次的石油不同，风能和太阳能是可更新的能源
3. _____ that the first cheese was probably made more than 4,000 years ago by nomadic tribes in Asia.
(A) The belief
(B) Although they believe
(C) It is believed
(D) Believing
答案：C
分析：空格后面是完整的从句，所以选C, 主谓成份都齐全，后跟that引导的宾语从句。
A, C都没有主谓语；而B形成一个从句，无主句。
参考译文：大家都认为第一块奶酪大概是在4000多年以前，由亚洲游牧部落做出来的。
4. Today _____ of the Earth live on a very small percentage of the Earth’s land surface.
(A) about two-thirds populated
(B) the population is about two-thirds
(C) about two-thirds of the population
(D) of about two-thirds the population is
答案：C
分析：浏览全句，发现缺主语。而of前面应该是名词或名词词组，只有C符合。
参考译文：当今地球上的大约2/3人口住在占总面积很小的一部分地表陆地上。
5. It was in the year 1792 _____
(A) that the New York Stock Exchange was founded
(B) founding the New York Stock Exchange
(C) which year the New York Stock Exchange was founded
(D) the New York Stock Exchange founded
答案：A
分析：强调句，只能选A。大家注意，在强调句It is (was)…that(who,whom)…中，只有这三个引导词，并且that可以代替其他两个。
参考译文：纽约股票交易所成立于1792年。
6. Many small birds use new sites for each nesting, _____ large birds often reuse the same nest.
(A) by
(B) how
(C) within
(D) whereas
答案：D
分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，首先排除A, C。再根据句义，是small birds 与large birds再作比较，所以选D, 是连词，意思是然而，反之。
参考译文：很多的小鸟在每次做窝的时候都使用新的地点，而大鸟类则经常重复使用一个巢穴。
7. Plateaus are often referred to as tablelands _____ essentially flat-topped and stand conspicuously above an adjacent land area.
(A) because are
(B) because they are
(C) because of their
(D) which because they are
答案：B
分析：用排除法，A，D形式不对，C，because of应该跟名词或名词性词组，这里是分词结构。
参考译文：高原通常指一些高处的平地，因为它们具有平顶并且明显的高于相邻的地面。
8. Although many contemporary craft objects are not _____, they generally have their roots in function.
(A) function
(B) functionally
(C) as function
(D) functional
答案：D
分析：很明显，这里缺表语，所以选形容词D。B, C用排除法很容易排除；那末A呢，一般来讲，当主语与表语讲的是同一事物时表语才能用名词。
参考译文：虽然很多当代的工艺品都不是功能型的，但是它们一般都有其功能性的根源。
9. _____ hearing aid was a tube called the ear trumpet, a flared tube held up to the ear.
(A) First
(B) When the first
(C) It was the first
(D) The first
答案：D
分析：这道题的难点在于认清逗号后面是同位语，逗号前面是句子的主体，这就要求要读懂句义。
B, 成从句，不对；C谓语重复，排除; A, first 一般都与the连用，除非在一些特殊的固定用法里，所以排除。
参考译文：第一个助听器是一个叫做耳喇叭的管子，一个放置耳朵上的向外展开的管子。
10. Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____, or cuticle.
(A) that the covering
(B) and is covering
(C) covering
(D) by covering
答案：C
分析：句中缺with的宾语，C, 动名词作介词宾语。A, that 后面不是句子；B, 谓语与前面不一致；D, 结构不完整，covering 后少宾语。
参考译文：大多数叶子都覆盖一个防水的表层或者表皮
11. The first glass factory _____ the North American continent was started in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.
(A) established on
(B) being established
(C) was established on
(D) that established it
答案：A
分析：句中主谓俱全，缺修饰语，A过去分词作后置定语。B, being多余，表达被动的分词结构用established就可以了。being +done一般表原因。C, 谓语重复；D, 从句应该用被动，且it多余。
参考译文：北美大陆建立的第一个玻璃厂1607年在弗吉尼亚的Jamestown开工。
12. _____ in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.
(A) Plants are widely spaced
(B) The spacing of plants is wide
(C) Plants to be spaced widely
(D) The wide spacing of plants
答案：D
分析：缺主语，所以选D。A, B, C中都有系动词，谓语重复。
参考译文：在沙漠中植物间的巨大间距主要是因为沙漠水量有限的供应。
13. In addition to painting highly acclaimed portraits, Mary Cassatt was _____ to several major art collectors.
(A) to advise
(B) an adviser
(C) advised
(D) advising
答案：B
分析：用排除法，只有B语义通顺。
参考译文：除了画出很多备受赞誉的画，Mary Cassatt还是几个大艺术收藏家的顾问。
14. Springwater is _____ clean, since it has been filtered through permeable rocks, but all spring water contains some dissolved minerals.
(A) generally fair
(B) generally fairly
(C) in general fair
(D) general and fair
答案：B
分析：很明显，后面两个都是从句，空格中所缺成份是修饰语，而无论是修饰全句还是修饰表语clean, 都应该用副词，B中generally做全主句的状语 fairly修饰clean。
参考译文：泉水一般都非常干净，因为它经过渗透性的岩石过滤，但是所有的泉水都含有一些溶解的矿物质。
15. All eels spawn in the sea, the eggs hatching into transparent, ribbon-like larvae _____, feeding until they metamorphose into small eels.
(A) that drift about
(B) drift about
(C) about drifting
(D) drift about them
答案：A
分析：浏览全句，发现主句完整，B，D谓语与主句冲突；C语义逻辑错误；A定于从句，正确。
参考译文：所有的鳗鱼都在海里产卵，卵孵化成为透明的带状的幼虫来回漂游，这样成长直到他们经过变态成为小鳗鱼。
16. Citrus fruits thrive in quite very tropical climates.
答案：C
分析：quite与 very重复；D climate 是可数名词没有错。
改正：quite veryàvery
参考译文：柑橘类水果在赤道地带的气候下生长茂盛。
17.Carson McCullers was fame for her novels about life in the small owns of the southern United States.
答案：A
分析：be famous for 是固定搭配，fame是名词，在TOEFL考试中经常将famous 与fame混淆，看到这两个词应警惕。
改正：fameàfamous
参考译文：Carson McCullers 因其讲述南美小镇生活的小说而出名。
18. Because the atmosphere of Mars is so thin， wind velocities of several hundred A C
kilometers per hour are required to raised dust particles during dust storms.
答案：D
分析：不定式后面应该跟动词原型，D显然不对。在TOEFL考试中不定式to后有时会跟动词ing形式或ed等不是动词原型的动词, 大家应多家注意。
改正：raisedàraise
参考译文：因为火星的大气太稀薄，尘暴发生时需要几百公里每小时的风速把尘土颗粒吹起来。
19. Lumbering，the remove of timber from the forest, is a major industry in the Northwest
region of North America.
答案：A
分析：of结构前后都应该是名词（有些固定搭配除外），A明显不对，应用动词形式。
改正：Removeàremoval
参考译文：伐木，将木材从森林中带走，是北美的西北地区的主要产业。
20. The asphalt deposits of La Brea Tar Pit in California have yielded fossils of numerous animal of the Pleistocene epoch, including the giant ground sloth.
答案：C
分析：numerous 后面要跟名词复数，而且前面fossils也有提示。经常考到的后面跟名词复数的还有many, a large number of等。
改正：animalàanimals
参考译文：加利福尼亚La Brea Tar Pit的沥青沉积中发现了无数更新世纪动物的化石，包括巨型地獭。
21. Located in the center of the continental United States and known for its endless wheat fields, Kansas is one of the nation’s leading agriculturally states.
答案：D
分析：修饰名词的应该是形容词。
改正：Agriculturallyàagricultural
参考译文：位于美国大陆的中心且因其无尽的麦田而闻名，Kansas是该国农业领先的州之一。
22. An intrinsic part of the sound structure of poet, the repetition of a consonant sound or sounds, may also be exhibited in prose.
答案：B
分析：poet是指诗人the sound structure of poet显然说不通，在TOEFL考试中，经常将职业及其对应的产品混淆，如photograph与photography 等等。poet, poem, poetry也是经常考到的对象，注意poetry是总称，不可数名词，而poem是可数名词。
改正：poetàpoetry 。
参考译文：诗的音韵结构中的一个本质成分，相同语音的重复，也可能在散文中出现。
23. People feel uncomfortable when the humidity rises over 60 percent because perspiration cannot evaporate quickly enough for the body to rid themselves of excess heat.
答案：D
分析：此处反身代词和body的数要对应。反身代词划线要特别注意，在你尚未判断出与反身代词对应的名词时，你可以发现从句中并无复数名词所以这个复数的themselves一定有问题。
改正：themselves àitself
参考译文：当湿度超过60％的时候人们会觉得不舒服，因为汗液无法足够快地挥发以便躯体能够去掉自身过多的热量。
24. While infancy, the period from birth until the age of two，a child grows to A
Approximately half of his or her adult height.
答案：A
分析：又是一个TOEFL常考的问题，大家只要牢记住while是连词，后面永远跟从句；during是介词，后面永远跟名词短语就足够了。
改正：whileàduring
参考译文：在婴儿期，即出生到2岁这段时间，一个孩子能长到接近其成年高度的一半。
25. The Pulitzer Prizes are annual awards for excellence in United States journalism, literature, and musical.
答案：D
分析：在考试中看到and引导的并列成分就应该引起重视，这里and后面都是名词，D明显错误。
改正：musicalàmusicology
参考译文：Pulitzer 奖每年颁发给美国新闻界、文学界和音乐界的优秀人才。
26. Judgments made in a criminal cases can usually be appealed to a higher count，which A
can either overturn or uphold a lower court ruling.
答案：B
分析：这道题只要细心就没问题了。所以我认为应多做真题培养敏感度。
改正：casesàcase
参考译文：对一个犯罪案件作出的判决通常能诉诸更高级法庭，这个法庭要末推翻要末支持低级法庭的判决。
27. Science fiction is any fiction dealing with the future or with so imaginative subjects as interstellar travel, life on other planets, or time travel.
答案：B
分析： so/such是一对常考词。
such as
used when giving an example of something
so ... as ...一般用在否定句中。
formal used in comparisons to say that something or someone has less of a particular quality than another person or thing
改正：soàsuch.
参考译文：科学小说是任何讲述未来或者像星际旅游、其他星球上生活或者时间穿梭一样有想象力的小说。
28. The wingspread of various species of bats range from over five feet to less than two inches.
答案：B
分析：分别找到主、谓语，主语是wingspread所以应该用单数。
改正：rangeà ranges
参考译文：不同种类蝙蝠的翼展从5英尺多到不足两英寸。
29. The harmonica’s tones are made by the vibrations of the feeds created by the blowing and suction to the player.
答案：D
分析：仔细分析题目的前三个选项都没有问题，D前后都是名词这里的to值得怀疑，从全句意义出发，吸入和吹出的动作是由player发出所以用of跟恰当。
改正：toàof
参考译文：口琴的音调是由演奏者吹出或者吸入的气流制造的震动而形成的。
30. The constitution of 1897, under which Delaware is now governed, is fourth constitution in the history of the state.
答案：C
分析：序数词前面要有冠词the。
改正：fourthàthe fourth
参考译文：Delaware现在在1897年宪法治理之下，它是该州历史上第四部宪法。
31. Because most photographic filters work by subtract portions of visible light from the subject, they decrease the intensity of light that reaches the film.
答案：C
分析：看到by就应该想到，后面要么跟被动语态的施动者；要么表示方式后面应该跟名词性成分而且经常是动名词。这里不是被动语态，所以就应该改成动名词。而且by后面跟动词原形本身就说不过去。
改正：subtractàsubtracting
参考译文：因为大多数摄影快滤镜都是通过抽取物体反射的部分可见光而工作，它们就减低了抵达胶卷的光的强度。
32. In a vacuum discharge tube at ordinary voltages and currents, neon glows reddish- orange and is the mostly intense of all the rare gases.
答案：C
分析：most修饰形容词intense做最高级，mostly是副词不能修饰名词。
改正：mostlyàmost.
参考译文：在普通电压和电流的真空放电管中，氖发红－橙色光，且是稀有气体中发出强度最大的光。
33. Although E.E. Cummings studied art in Paris, but his writings attracted much more interest than his paintings.
答案：B
分析：although和but不能搭配使用，并且这样一来本句就无主句了。
改正：but去掉。
参考译文：尽管E.E.C.在巴黎学习艺术，但他的文章比他的画更吸引人的眼球。
34. Because material organic decays slowly in peat, the remains of prehistoric animals are often found in the depths of peat hogs.
答案：A
分析：修饰成分和中心词位置颠倒，adj＋noun顺序颠倒是语法中经常出现的。
改正：material organicàorganic material.
参考译文：因为有机物在泥炭中腐烂的缓慢，在泥炭矿的深处经常能发现史前动物的遗体。
35. Usually an atom having one, two, or three electrons in its valence band readily contributes electrons to and receive electrons from neighboring atoms.
答案：C
分析：and前后若有划线一定要看并列部分是否一致。这里and连接的是并列的谓语前后不一致。
改正：receiveàreceives.
参考译文：通常电子云外层中有1，2，3个电子的原子容易失电子给或者从周围的原子处得电子。
36. A symbol of freedom, the Statue of Liberty represents a woman has just escaped from the chains of slavery, which lie at her feet.
答案：B
分析：句中已有谓语动词represents, 谓语形式has just escaped和represents冲突。
改正：woman has ---woman who has
参考译文：自由的象征，自由女神像表现了一个刚从躺在她脚边的奴隶枷锁中逃出的妇女。
37. The southwestern portion of the United States is a land of little rain, and parts of it are too dry that they are called deserts.
答案：C
分析：so…that, too…to结构也是语法中常考的考点，只要牢记住这些固定结构（这对中国学生不是难事），多做练习培养对试题的敏感度，就没有问题。
改正：tooàso.
参考译文：美国的西南部分是一个少雨地带，其一部分地区因为太干而被称为沙漠。
38. Seneca chief Corn-planter helped arrange treaties between many United States settler and Native American tribes in western Pennsylvania after the American Revolutionary War.
答案：B
分析：TOEFL语法考试中，经常将many与much混淆来做考点，只要细心就不成问题。
改正：settleràsettlers
参考译文：塞内加首领谷物种植者在美国解放战争后帮助协商达成了许多美国和西宾夕法尼亚美洲土著部落之间的条约。
39. Mercury is so much close to the Sun that it is usually invisible in the glare of the Sun’s rays.
答案：A
分析：much的用法在TOEFL中也是经常会考到的，在TOEFL语法中大家应该记住，much做形容词时用来修饰不可数名词，做副词时只用来修饰比较级（尽管能举出很多相反的例子，但记住这些在考试中就足够了），（相反的例子我只看到一次就是much like）
so…that结构so，that之间用单纯的形容词。
改正：so muchàso。
参考译文：水星和太阳距离如此之近以至于在阳光的闪耀之下它经常不可见
40. Pollen can be transferred by the wind or by birds that comes into contact with flowers.
答案：B
分析：主谓一致是TOEFL常考的项目，只要主语和谓语有一方划线就应该找出另一方来对照，这应该在做题中养成习惯，这里that引导的定语从句其谓语come应该和birds数相一致。
改正：comesàcome
参考译文：花粉可以通过风或者与花接触过的鸟类进行传播。 |
